{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":268,"pdf_page":280,"physical_index":280,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"040aabf843872c6c57089d98f7dfed531efe4935a281a224774d8bee9d33de0e"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"最后一个部门是分配部门，其任务是通过税收和对财产权的必要调整来维持分配份额的一种恰当正义。我们也许需要区分这个部门的两个方面。首先，它征收一系列遗产税和馈赠税，并对遗产权进行限制。这些征税和调节的目的不是要提高财政收入(把资金让与政府)，i而是逐渐地、持续地纠正财富分配中的错误并避免有害于政治自由的公平价值和机会公正平等的权力集中。例如，在受益人这边，累进税原则可能被运用。①这样做将鼓励财产的广泛分散；如果要维持平等自由的公平价值，这种分散看来是一个必需的条件。财富遗产的不平等跟智力遗传的不平等一样并非本质上是不正义的。确实，前者大概较易受到社会的控制，但是关键在于：这两种不平等都应该尽可能地满足差别原则。这样，只要遗产所造成的不平等对较不幸运者亦有利，且又和自由及机会的公正平等相协调，那么这种遗产就是可容许的。正如前面所规定的，机会的公正平等意味着由一系列的机构来保证具有类似动机的人都有受教育和培养的类似机会；保证在与相关的义务和任务相联系的品质和努力的基础上各种职务和地位对所有人都开放。当财富的不平等超过某一限度时，这些制度就处于危险之中：政治自由也倾向于失去它的价值，代议制政府就要流于形式。分配部门的征税和法规要避免这一限度被逾越；自然，限度存在于什么地方的间题就构成一种政治判断，这种政治判断受理智、良知并至少在相当范围内受一种明确的直觉指导。这类问题不在正义论的专门领域之内，正义论的目标是要详细闻述用来调整背景制度的原则。\n\n①米德：《效本、平等和财产所有制》，第56页。\n\n268","previous_page":267,"next_page":269}