{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":297,"pdf_page":309,"physical_index":309,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"37b1b167c36ef6729ff9f0c249adc3df88ac656b18ba74f937f3ff7771b3afdd"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"此外，记住这些常识性准则的从属地位十分重要。做到这一点有时是困难的，因为人们在日常生活中非常熟悉这些常识性准则，并因而在我们的思考中可能具有显著的地位，以致它们的从属地位不能得到证明。没有一个准则能有理由地被提高到第一原则的水平。每一个准则大概都对应于一种与某些具体制度相联系的相应特征，这一特征只是某种具体制度的许多特征中的一种，而这些制度也是特殊的制度。采纳其中一个准则作为第一原则必定导致忽略那些应该考虑的其它事情。而如果所有或许多准则都被当作第一原则的话，它们就会缺少明确的体系性。常识性准则的概括性是不恰当的。为了寻找适当的第一原则，我们必须深入到这些准则的后面去。人们都承认，有些准则初看上去具有相当的概括性。例如，按照每个人的贡献付酬的准则包括了一种完善的竞争经济中的分配方面的许多情况。若接受分配的边际生产率理论，则每一生产要素都按照它增加的产出而得到一种收入(假设生产资料是私人占有）。在这个意义上，一个工人的所得不多不少正是他劳动成果的全部价值。这种情况马上给我们一种公平的印象。上述准则诉诸关于我们的劳动成果方面的财产的自然权利的一种传统观念。因此，对某些作者来说，按贡献分配的准则作为一个正义原则是令人满意的。①\n\n297","previous_page":296,"next_page":298}