{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":411,"pdf_page":423,"physical_index":423,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"48c2cc8fb242d67d48a92b3335ec3d2671b4e9b9a3a80edbdeb2258a3c79fb80"},"chapter":"第七章","content":"65. 亚里士多德主义原则\n\n善的定义是纯粹形式的。它简单地表明一个人的善由他根据审慎的合理性而乐于从最高级的计划中选择的那项合理生活计划所决定。尽管审慎合理性的概念和合理选择的原则所依据的那些概念都相当复杂，我们仍然不能单独地从合理计划的定义中推衍出这些计划可能鼓励何种目的。要得到关于这些目的的结论，必须注意某些基本的事实。\n\n首先，人的欲望和需要具有广泛的特征，如它们的相对紧迫性和循环性，它们的由心理和其它环境条件影响的发展周期。第二，计划必须符合人的能力和接受力的要求，他们的成熟和发展的倾向，以及他们为这种或那种目的获得最好的训练和教育的方式。第三，我将假定一种基本的动机原则，我将把这个原则称为亚里士多德主义原则。最后，必须把社会的相互依存的基本事实考虑进来。社会的基本结构肯定是鼓励和支持某种计划而不支持、鼓励另外一些计划，社会通过奖励那些以合乎正义的方式为公共的善作出了贡献的社会成员提供这种鼓励和支持。把这些偶然性考虑进来缩小可能计划的范围，这样，抉择问题就至少在某些情况下变得相当明确了。诚然，如我们将看到的，仍然存在着一定的任意性，但是正当的优先性已经把它限制到如此程度，以致从正义的观点来看，它已经不成其为问题了（见第68节）。\n\n411","previous_page":410,"next_page":412}