{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":562,"pdf_page":574,"physical_index":574,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"39e81f3ade9dd89695e0a349c99febb9363620f5da28ab75dee5b3d1e8ab67f4"},"chapter":"第九章","content":"还必须提到最后一个问题。假定即使在一个组织良好的社会中也有这样一些人，对他们来说肯定其正义感不是一种善。假定由于他们的且标和需要以及他们本性的特有性质，对善的弱描述不能成为使他们保持这种调节性情操的充分根据。有人论证说，人们不可能令其信服地把正义作为一种德性推荐给这些人。①假如令其信服地推荐意味着以（按照善的弱理论规定的）合理根据来劝告这些个人采取合乎正义原则的行为方案，这当然是正确的。但是从这里也产生了进一步的问题；即那些肯定自己的正义感的人们在要这些人按照公正制度去行动时是否在不公正地对待他们的问题。\n\n不幸的是我们现在还不能恰当地回答这个疑问，因为它以一种惩罚理论为前提，而迄今为止我还极少谈到正义论的这一部分(见第39节)。我一直假定人们对他们乐于选择的、因而是经过对应在可能的观念表中采取哪一个深思熟虑之后确定的任何观念都是严格服从的。然而，像非暴力反抗的例子一样，我们可以推论出另一种部分服从理论。所以，撇开完全自愿的情况不谈，假如对任何公认的观念的坚持都是不完善的，那么，原初状态中的人们会在何种条件下同意运用制度化的惩罚措施呢？他们是否认为可以要求一个人仅仅去做善的弱理论规定的有利于他的善的事呢？\n\n①见强特：《道德信念》，《亚里士多德学会会刊》第59卷（1958—1959年），第99—104页。\n\n562","previous_page":561,"next_page":563}