{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":573,"pdf_page":585,"physical_index":585,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"47ee08090a444ef987734c4603be122b46893f7bd96f3ae1e6882c75523382b8"},"chapter":"第九章","content":"有人可能争论说，正义理论有另外一个错误，它的原则不是从对人的尊重的概念中，从对人的内在价值和尊严的认识中产生的。由于（我所规定的）原初状态不包括这个观念，人们可能认为对公平的正义的论证不合理。但是我相信，尽管正义原则仅当人们具有一种正义感。并的确相互尊重时才有效，尊重的概念或人的内在价值却并不是提出这些原则的恰当基础。正是这些观念本身需要加以解释。这里的情况相似于仁慈的情况：离开正当和正义的原则，仁慈的目标和尊重的要求就是未经限定的，它们都是以已经独立地产生出来的正当和正义原则为先决条件的（见第30节）。然而，一旦正义观念已经形成，尊重的观念及人的尊严的观念就被赋予了一种更确定的意义。除了一些别的特点之外，对人的尊重还表现在以能被证明为正当的方式去对待人们。不仅如此，它还通过我们所诉诸的原则的要旨而变得清楚明了。所以，尊重人就是承认人们有一种基于正义基础之上的不可侵犯性，甚至作为一个整体的社会的福利也不可以去践踏这种性质。正义的词典式顺序上的优先性表现着康德所说的人的价值是超过一切其他价值的。①正义理论提供着对于这些观念的一种解释，但我们不能从这些观念出发。如果要系统地阐明我们的尊重观念及平等的自然基础，那么，就没有其它方法可以避免原初状态或某种类似结构带来的复杂情况。\n\n①见《道德形而上学基础》，学院版，第4卷，第434一436页。\n\n573","previous_page":572,"next_page":574}