{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":71,"pdf_page":83,"physical_index":83,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8b02ac714dc8087a0122482e1f5e1bafbc7f3ce276d295a32d11360df4d25995"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"13.民主的平等和差别原则\n\n如前表所示，民主的解释是通过结合机会公平的原则与差别原则(difference principle)达到的。这一原则通过挑选出一种特殊地位消除了效率原则的不确定性，基本结构的社会和经济不平等将通过这一地位来判断。我们假定存在着平等的自由和公平机会所要求的制度结构，那么，当且仅当境遇较好者的较高期望是作为提高最少获利者的期望计划的一部分而发挥作用时，它们是公正的。在此直觉的观念是；社会结构并不确立和保障那些状况较好的人的较好前景，除非这样做适合于那些较不幸运的人的利益（见随后的差别原则的讨论）。\n\n差别原则\n\n假定无差别曲线代表那种被判断是平等正义的分配。那么差别原则在下面的意义上就是强烈平均主义的观念：除非有一种改善两个人状况的分配（为简化起见我们以两人为例），否则一种平等的分配就更可取。无差别曲线取图5中描绘的形式。这些曲线实际上是由垂直线和水平线在斜率为1的线上直角相交形成的(仍然假定一种两轴所代表的基本人际关系的解释)。从差别原则看，不管其中一人的状况得到多大改善，除非另一个人也有所得，不然还是一无所获。\n\n71","previous_page":70,"next_page":72}