{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":72,"pdf_page":84,"physical_index":84,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"edc79a4faf026dc8f013c9d90e36e4e1b8a7bb6051f13964a00c653e19ef3234"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"假定 $\\mathbf { x } _ { \\mathfrak { t } }$ 是在社会基本结构中最有利的代表人。当他的期望提高时 $\\mathbf { x } _ { 2 }$ （最少受惠者）的前景也改善。在图6中我们设曲线$\\mathbf { o } \\mathfrak { p }$ 代表x的较大期望向 $\\mathbf { x } _ { 1 }$ $\\mathbf { x } _ { 2 }$ 的期望所做的贡献。原点代表所有社会基本善都被平等地分配的假定状况。现在曲线op总是处在与水平轴夹角为 $4 5 ^ { \\circ }$ 的直角平分线之下，因为 $\\mathbf { x _ { i } }$ 总是状况较好。这样，跟无差别曲线有关的部分就只是那些在斜率为1的线之下的部分，图6的左上部分就不再画出了。显然，差别原则只是当曲线op正切于它接触的那条最高无差别曲线时才被完全满足。在图6中那就是a点。\n\n请注意这条贡献曲线(contribution curve)(曲线 op)假定了由补会基本结构确定的社会合作是互相有利的。那么，一种确定量的善就不再是一个妨碍了。即使准确的人与人之间的利益比较不可能进行也没有什么关系。这一比较足以使我们能够鉴别最少获利的人，并确定他的合理偏爱。\n\n有一种比差别原则平均主义程度较低、初看起来也许要更合理的观点，它认为：对于正义的分配（或对于所有被考虑的事情）的无差别曲线是图7中凸面朝着原点的平滑曲线。有关社会福利函数的无差别曲线常常是以这种形式表现的。这种曲线表示以下事实：当其中一人与另一人相比增加了所得时，他的进一步所得从某种社会观点来看价值就降低了。\n\n72","previous_page":71,"next_page":73}