{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","id":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","uuid":"c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title":"正义论","normalized_title":"正义论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"7500402449","isbns":["7500402449"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":624,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/c3e269f2-c36d-4862-98ef-fa37a2f8b009/search"},"page":{"printed_page":84,"pdf_page":96,"physical_index":96,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c940d097b755d7d7dc5101ec400bac57fc92d2240e541bd4bef8bb2aef9ae0ac"},"chapter":"第二章","content":"通过对照，配给的正义观(conception of allocative justice)看来自然适应于一定量的物品要在我们已知其欲望和需求的特定个人中分配的场合。要配给的物品并不是这些人生产的，这些人之间也不存在任何既定的合作关系。由于对这些要分配的东西没有任何优先的要求，根据欲望和需求，甚至根据最大限度地增加满足的净余额来分享它们也就是很自然的。正义变成了一种效率问题，除非平等被认为更可取。我们可以恰当地概括说：配给的观念导向古典的功利主义观点。因为正如我们所见，这一理论把正义化为公平的旁观者的仁爱、仁爱又转向制度的最有效设计以达到满足的最大余额。如我前面所述，按照这一观念，社会被设想成许多分离的个人，每个人都各自由一条独立的线段代表，权利与义务、满足的稀缺手段就要按照能达到欲望的最大满足的规范分配给他们。我将暂时把对这种观念的另一方面的考虑搁置一边，在此我要注意的是功利主义并不把社会基本结均解释为一种纯粹程序正义的体系。因为，一个功利主义者至少在原则上有一个判断所有分配的独立标准，即它们是否能产生满足的最大余额。在他的理论中，制度对于达到这一目的来说是多少不完善的安排。这样，在既定的欲望和偏爱及其恰当的自然延续的条件下，政治家的目的就是建立那些将最好地接近一个已经指定的目标的社会体系。由于这些安排受制于日常生活中不可避免的各种限制和阻碍，社会基本结构就是不完善的程序正义的一个实例。\n\n84","previous_page":83,"next_page":85}