{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71","title":"人工智能与大数据技术导论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787302517986","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71","id":"cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71","uuid":"cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71","title":"人工智能与大数据技术导论","normalized_title":"人工智能与大数据技术导论","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787302517986","isbns":["9787302517986"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%AF%BC%E8%AE%BA","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cd4f7678-cd9b-4971-bde0-e9ad46a6cc71/search"},"page":{"printed_page":28,"pdf_page":44,"physical_index":44,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6d451292f817137fdd1cc76e7da83bbf4014e714c5c0de09415599ce6771f01c"},"chapter":"第2章","content":"2.1.3 FPGA\n\nFPGA是现场可编程门阵列。下游推理端更接近终端应用，更关注响应时间而不是吞吐率，需求更加细分。目前来看，下游推理端虽可容纳GPU、FPGA、ASIC等芯片，但随着AI的发展，FPGA的低延迟、低功耗、可编程性（适用于传感器数据预处理工作以及小型开发试错升级迭代阶段）将凸显出来。\n\n在FPGA的市场份额中，Xilinx为49%，主要应用于工业和通信领域，近年亦致力于云计算数据中心的服务器以及无人驾驶的应用。Altera（已被英特尔收购）的市场份额约为40%，定位跟Xilinx类似。莱迪斯半导体（Lattice Semiconductor）的市场份额约为6%，主要市场为消费电子产品和移动传输，以降低耗电量、缩小体积及缩减成本为主。Microsemi（Actel)的市场份额约为4%，瞄准通信、国防与安全、航天与工业等市场。目前，Altera的FPGA产品被用于微软Azure云服务中，包括必应搜索、机器翻译等应用中。\n\n2.1.4 ASIC\n\nASIC 是 Application Specific Integrated Circuit 的英文缩写。AI芯片的计算场景可分为云端AI和终端AI。英伟达首席科学家WilliamDally将深度学习的计算场景分为三类，分别是数据中心的训练、数据中心的推断和嵌入式设备的推断。前两者可以总结为云端的应用，后者可以概括为终端的应用。终端设备的模型推断方面，由于低功耗、便携等要求，FPGA和ASIC的机会优于 $\\mathrm { G P U } .$\n\n终端智能芯片的一个经典案例是苹果的A11神经引擎，它采用双核设计，每秒运算次数最高可达6000亿次。2017年9月，苹果发布了iPhoneX，搭载64位架构A11神经处理引擎，实现了基于深度学习的高准确性面部识别解锁方式（FaceID），并解决了云接口（Cloud-Based\n\n人工智能与大数据技术导论\n\n28","previous_page":27,"next_page":29}