{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","title":"时间社会学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303096213","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","id":"cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","uuid":"cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","title":"时间社会学","normalized_title":"时间社会学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303096213","isbns":["9787303096213","0333440927"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":302,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":189,"pdf_page":235,"physical_index":235,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9bcc79e84cf7004d2de1b6e263e3005f29b803ff5e3d16f6902d1444f2966e1e"},"chapter":"第十二章 时间观与社会结构","content":"第十二章 时间观与社会结构\n\n刘易斯·科塞和罗斯·科塞\n\n计时方式的社会根源—即群体中持久的思考时间的方式—一直以来都是某些社会学家的兴趣所在。迪尔凯姆（Durkheim）及其学派②是这个领域的先驱。例如，迪尔凯姆认为“历法表达了集体活动的节奏，而它的功能就是确保它们的规律性”。③在原始社会，不同的日、月、季，乃至年的名称往往都是由经济、社会活动的节奏确定的。在我们这个更加复杂的社会里，天文历法提供了计量时间的“客观”方法，但是我们发现仍有必要引入像“学期”、“周末”这样的概念—因为这些词表达了社会性意义而不是纯粹的时间次序的意义。当我们在社交聚会上讲述过去的事情时，会把那些事件置于社会背景中，像“罗斯福新政期间”，“第一次世界大战之后”，等等，因为这些相关事件只有被置于社会时间而不是纯粹的历法时间之中才能获得意义。默顿和索罗金(Merton and Sorokin)认为：“计时系统反映了群体的社会活动。它们具有集体性起源；坚守它们具有社会必要性。它们产生于群体生活的周期，在很大程度上取决于宗教活动的惯例和工作日的日常事务安排。从根本上说，它们是社会互动的产物。”①他们在最后总结时说：“计时方式根本上取决于群体的组织形式和功能。”②\n\n① 选É L. A. Coser and R. L. Coser, Time perspective and social Structure'. 首次发表于 A. W. Gouldner and H. P. Gouldner (eds)， Modern Sociology, New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1963.\n\n② Durkheim, E. (1947) The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, Glencoc, : Free Press (also 1960, 1965 and 1975 edns); Durkheim, E. and Mauss, M. (1910—12)de quetques forms primitives de classification', L Annee sociolagique, 6, pp. 1—71; Hubert, H. and Mauss, M. (1909) Melanges d'histoire des Religions, Paris: Alcan; Halbwachs, M. (1935) Les Cadres sociaux de la memoire, Paris: Alcan.\n\n③ Durkheim, E. (1947) The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, Glencoe, Ⅲ : Free Press, pp. 10—11.\n\n189","previous_page":null,"next_page":190}