{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","title":"时间社会学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303096213","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","id":"cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","uuid":"cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","title":"时间社会学","normalized_title":"时间社会学","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303096213","isbns":["9787303096213","0333440927"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":302,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cd687a16-ff79-40f8-a0cc-84b63e8e697f/search"},"page":{"printed_page":194,"pdf_page":240,"physical_index":240,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b420011eb02e4b1bbeabc7e66bdbe5ff74b4b9e1eb583becadf829cf45875410"},"chapter":"第十二章 时间观与社会结构","content":"偏离主流的时间观类型\n\n当西方文化中主流的“积极的、个人主义的未来取向”被认为没有回报并且令人失望时，就会出现对它的偏离。这种偏离可能发生在个人层面上，表现为利用文化上禁忌的手段争取（向上的）社会流动，或者退避到享乐主义的，快乐取向的完成行为，放弃对未来目标的追求，寻求即刻的满足。另外，（个人）也可能通过加入某些亚群体（sub-groups）——例如，工会———寻求帮助。这些群体试图借助集体行动，在不久的将来，改变其成员的困顿境况。最后，心灰意冷的个体可能会寻求群体归属感。因为这些群体预想了一个更有利的遥远未来，于是，现在的被剥夺感也变得可以忍受了。\n\n时间取向往往和其他类型的取向相联系；对时间的关注焦点的不同可能伴随着集体行为或者个人行为取向上的不同。而且，就像我们马上就要看到的，它还可能与积极主动的或者消极被动的取向相关联……表12.1试图展现美国文化中主流的和歧异的时间观中最普遍的四种类型。\n\n时间社会学\n\n194","previous_page":193,"next_page":195}