{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","uuid":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","normalized_title":"migrantlabourinthegigeconomytheintersectionofmigrantlabourplatformcapitalismandresistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","isbns":["9783031912610","9783031912627"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":270,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Migrant%20Labour%20in%20the%20Gig%20Economy%20The%20Intersection%20of%20Migrant%20Labour%2C%20Platform%20Capitalism%2C%20and%20Resistance","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/search"},"page":{"printed_page":109,"pdf_page":122,"physical_index":122,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4bdbc7db99681809e2e6cd1c05420018de47ef932b12ad133f9d8c2b36f3a7ba"},"chapter":"Dynamics ofVirtual Work","content":"The smart city discourse is a critical inspiration for the development of platforms, because it encourages the conceptual formation of humanity, as Galloway (2017) argues, as an urban species where data-driven structures are used to render urban spaces as more controllable and knowable. It has become an important part of the discourse focused on technologically mediated urban spaces that have come to dominate contemporary forms of neoliberal urbanism (Hlongwa, 2020). With the end of the Second World War, the usage of technology globally proliferated with an increasing number of economies moving towards various forms of capitalist development that depend on the usage of technological artefacts for improving the efficiency of the services provided (Srnicek, 2017). Technology and its implications for the society cannot be neutral or analysed in isolation from the broader socio-economic and political questions that remain relevant or functional in the society. Despite being massively unequal in terms of its socio-economic and geographical distribution, the labour market based on technology has grown in parallel with the expanding usage of technological and digital transformative practices in the society (Huws, 2020). Most of these technological developments take place within specific historical, social and geographic contexts which determine their short-term and long-term effects. Under global neoliberal capitalism, technology has become a tool at the hands of capital to further capitalist accumulation processes. A key role in this regard has been played by various service and commodity-provisioning platforms such as Zomato, Swiggy, Amazon, Flipkart, Urban Company, ChefKart and the like.\n\nThe growth of platforms in India has occurred through a gradual dismantling of the traditional structures and massive disruptive mechanisms in the organisation of the means of production. In the context of digital platforms, the major global disruption was brought by the growth of Uber. Abílio (2017) has argued that the growth of Uber has resulted in a situation where the functioning within Uber had become the model for other platforms to follow as well, a major part of which was the standardisation of labouring processes and a constant suppression of the diversity that works within these platform-based gig work structures (Ticona & Mateescu, 2018). The standardisation of the services that they offer becomes critical because standardisation becomes a critical requirement for the creation of streamlined urban spaces most commonly represented by the bourgeoning fetish for smart cities. Standardisation becomes a process through which the accumulation of big data is accelerated which in turn produces an algorithmic governmentality in the society (Kitchin, 2017; Rouvroy et al., 2013). Algorithmic governmentality operates on the basis of standardisation and does not recognise the inequalities that exist subjectively within different working individuals such as the ability to communicate, or one’s acquaintance with local roads. The implications of these issues are commonly faced by migrant gig workers in cities, as two migrant workers explain:\n\n5 MIGRANT GIG WORKERS OF INDIA’S CONSUMERIST CITIES\n\n109","previous_page":108,"next_page":110}