{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","uuid":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","normalized_title":"migrantlabourinthegigeconomytheintersectionofmigrantlabourplatformcapitalismandresistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","isbns":["9783031912610","9783031912627"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":270,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Migrant%20Labour%20in%20the%20Gig%20Economy%20The%20Intersection%20of%20Migrant%20Labour%2C%20Platform%20Capitalism%2C%20and%20Resistance","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/search"},"page":{"printed_page":166,"pdf_page":178,"physical_index":178,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2577b0815b49c8d946d758f515af2742554c8908a6a55f089c44557a577afc7d"},"chapter":"Dynamics ofVirtual Work","content":"2018). This highlights not only a new morphology of work, but also of the working-class in its structural precariousness. This reinforces the idea that the working-class is still, or has become even more, heterogeneous, differentiated, and fragmented (Antunes, 2018). It was also evident in this article that disregarding these workers renders them to a vulnerable condition.\n\nThe present case study has revealed that most call and contact operators experience situations of flexible, low-paid, and intermittent working conditions, enduring a life of exploitation and oppression in work, and seasonal, shift and physically demanding and repetitive work, facing various health problems, including psychosomatic illnesses, and situations of racial, gender, moral, and racist harassment and xenophobia (Roque, 2020). Through the perceptions of the interviewed immigrants, it was possible to understand the profound problems that arise from the fact that precarious immigrants are marginalised, especially those with an irregular status, even though their labour power is central to many sectors of the labour market as seen during the pandemic (Benson, 2021; Guadagno, 2020; Tagliacozzo et al., 2020). Workers know that they are being exploited but have no other way than to accept the plunder (spoliation) (Marx and Engels, [1849] 2010, p. 242) of their subjectivity.\n\nIn the absence of quality employment opportunities, this may be the only way to enter the labour market, especially for immigrant, flexible, temporary, racialised and atomised workers. When the pandemic stroke most were not considered as eligible for receiving any governmental support and they had to enter the informal and digital labour market. The gig economy can lead workers to benefit from job opportunities that they might not be able to access otherwise, on a flexible-schedule basis, allowing them to match work with the performance of other activities and to balance their income. This requires that workers with agility, creativity, open to short-term changes, assume risks on a continuous basis, lowering the level guaranteed by state legislation, and destructuring the employment category as central of the labour law, in the face of a flexible contract that does not even guarantee a minimum wage (Sennett, 2006). The main issue remains in the lack of recognition of the different services regarding digital platform work as professional categories, as in the case of call centres and couriers. Temporary work agencies are still a determining factor for the perpetuation of labour exploitation. An operator can work for several companies in a single day, have a precarious contract renewable daily, weekly, or monthly, or not have a contract at all, being caught in the web of informality, and be surveyed through a volatile machinery system governed by the metrics stipulated by the algorithm.\n\n166\n\nI. ROQUE","previous_page":165,"next_page":167}