{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","uuid":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","normalized_title":"migrantlabourinthegigeconomytheintersectionofmigrantlabourplatformcapitalismandresistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","isbns":["9783031912610","9783031912627"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":270,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Migrant%20Labour%20in%20the%20Gig%20Economy%20The%20Intersection%20of%20Migrant%20Labour%2C%20Platform%20Capitalism%2C%20and%20Resistance","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/search"},"page":{"printed_page":203,"pdf_page":212,"physical_index":212,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"aafeb3443779a3953a2b971592b7025b90f39cc9b1b0974815bac79607aced69"},"chapter":"Dynamics ofVirtual Work","content":"The notion of the mode of differentiation as outlined above can usefully help us capture migrant workers’ possession or lack of power in relation to their employers, whether rooted in immigrant/migration policies, or broader sociocultural factors. By shaping the power relations between migrant workers and management, these modes of differentiation, along with factors in the immediate labour process arrangements, further shape the interaction and interdependence between workers and management and among the workers, giving rise to different forms of exploitation and connections/solidarity among migrant platform workers.\n\nIn the specific context of China, hukou and gender has long been two important and interlocking modes of differentiation that propel precarity among migrant workers (Fan, 2008; Lee, 1998; Pun, 2005). The hukou system is comprised of a set of policies and legislations regulating the supply, rights and entitlements of migrant workers. It distinguished between rural and urban residents in terms of their social, civil and political rights and entitlements and varies across localities. Rural migrants were in the early days required to apply for a temporary residence permit in order to live and work legally in Shenzhen, yet still excluded from social welfare and public goods provision. It is well documented how employment practices exploited their non-local status to create varied forms and experiences of precarity (Peng, 2011; Wu, 2017). This is further compounded by the role of gender, rooted in the patriarchal family and gendered conceptions of work. Where male migrants were generally under immense pressure to provide for the family and struggled constantly to retain control over work (Choi & Peng, 2016; Lin, 2013), female migrants were caught between rural patriarchy and urban exploitation. Besides, managerial practices were gendered, often conceiving young women as inferior, docile and disposable.\n\n8 MIGRATION, PRECARITY AND SOLIDARITY AMONG\n\n203","previous_page":202,"next_page":204}