{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","uuid":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","normalized_title":"migrantlabourinthegigeconomytheintersectionofmigrantlabourplatformcapitalismandresistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","isbns":["9783031912610","9783031912627"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":270,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Migrant%20Labour%20in%20the%20Gig%20Economy%20The%20Intersection%20of%20Migrant%20Labour%2C%20Platform%20Capitalism%2C%20and%20Resistance","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/search"},"page":{"printed_page":207,"pdf_page":216,"physical_index":216,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0a50d320fa1006a4a6342b6bb1eb0d941e5694428143e5e2340aab1f5dda88c8"},"chapter":"Dynamics ofVirtual Work","content":"In the past decade, the implementation of these policies, like in other liberal democratic market economies, has been fuelled by market and financial means. For example, in ride-hailing and food delivery sectors, financial capital, both domestic and international, provides extensive investment throughout their establishment, market expansion and monopolization, and research and development, which further shape platforms’ labour use. But in China, as Lei (2023) has demonstrated, the state plays a more proactive role, not just in policy making to set the agenda and pathways for economic restructuring, but in policy implementation. Because to promote economic restructuring has been variously built into the performance evaluation of local governments, local officials were motivated—and to some extent had no choice but—to mobilize all possible resources and capacities—including but not limited to direct fiscal fund support, favourable industrial and tax policies, administrative support, relaxation of restriction on the operations of financial capital, de-regulation in substantial areas and social, as well as strategic discursive framing—to promote this development, especially by nurturing national champions across sectors.\n\nAlmost a decade into the restructuring, economic crisis and industrial restructuring produce large unemployment and structural change in labour market demand. In response, employment policies and labour protection aim to create more labour market flexibility to keep companies afloat. Labour dispatching is legalized (Kuruvilla et al., 2011), while the active labour market policy—notably Mass Innovation and Entrepreneurship—encourages entrepreneurship and actively embraces flexible forms of employment popularized by gig platforms (Zeng, 2014). Finally, vocational education is promoted unprecedentedly to meet the new demand for skilled labour (Central Government, 2010). As migrant workers form the backbone of China’s work and consumer forces, important changes also take place in the hukou and social welfare provision systems. In general, limits on rural-to-urban hukou transfer are relaxed, and migrant workers are now granted more civil and social rights in cities and better protected in rural areas. Yet because of local needs for economic growth and population control, reform was largely stagnated in megacities like Shenzhen. Besides, the new provision system is deeply unequal and neoliberal, favouring the formal sector and those with higher individual contributions. Where public resources fall short, private capital is encouraged to supplement through market provision (Duckett, 2020).\n\n8 MIGRATION, PRECARITY AND SOLIDARITY AMONG\n\n207","previous_page":206,"next_page":208}