{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","uuid":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","normalized_title":"migrantlabourinthegigeconomytheintersectionofmigrantlabourplatformcapitalismandresistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","isbns":["9783031912610","9783031912627"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":270,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Migrant%20Labour%20in%20the%20Gig%20Economy%20The%20Intersection%20of%20Migrant%20Labour%2C%20Platform%20Capitalism%2C%20and%20Resistance","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/search"},"page":{"printed_page":223,"pdf_page":232,"physical_index":232,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0c6874f7243189ef68a35753bdab17b92f7c465c12c79dde29ba03ff78c1c7aa"},"chapter":"Dynamics ofVirtual Work","content":"7 Discussion and Conclusion\n\nThis chapter examines the relationship between migration and precarity/ solidarity among platform workers in China. It contributes to the growing body of literature on China’s fast-expanding platform workforce, by highlighting the continuing relevance of these workers’ migratory status in shaping their experiences of precarity and solidarity. In existing literature, curiously, this important dimension has largely been ignored. In addition, by identifying and analysing three distinct modes of differentiation, it also enhances our understanding of the relationship between migration and platform workers’ precarity and solidarity in general.\n\nThe findings suggest that platform workers in China, predominantly consisting of rural-to-urban migrants, are subject to three distinctive modes of differentiation in the labour market. The skill-based mode of differentiation is mainly the product of China’s recent economic restructuring, where digital and intelligent technologies are used to reorganize the production, circulation and consumption processes of the economy. In this process, the demands of skills in labour market in China also changed, with newly emerging, higher-paid jobs often requiring specialist knowledge and skills that migrant workers do not have the literacy, time or resources to acquire. Skill-based differentiation thus effectively excludes migrant workers from these jobs and channels them into platform-based service jobs, not least because its labour process design allows a high-level of flexibility through which migrant workers can earn higher income (than most of the jobs they can find in the labour market) by ‘aoshijian’. The other two modes of differentiation, hukou-based and gender-based, then push migrant workers to work as hard as they can, by pushing them to conform to gender roles and by increasing their life expenses, especially when after hukou reform, the citizenship barrier was lifted, and social welfare and public service provision became even more marketized—as a result, migrant workers now are lured to believe in a better future in urban cities. It is largely these three modes of differentiation, plus the flexible design and exploitative managerial practices of digital labour platforms, that lead to pervasive overwork, to death, an extreme form of precarity, among migrant platform workers.\n\nThough being a migrant imposes constraints on these predominantly male migrant workers and limit their agency in relation to the changing landscape of labour market and the rising platform power, it simultaneously contributes to their shared grievances, and allows them to reclaim social connections and trust ties with each other in the otherwise individualizing work environment. The same gender norms that push them to migrate and work excessively also enrages them in face of the daily inequalities and indecencies they have to confront, and provides them with strong motivations to fight back collectively. Finally, in a time of heightened corporate and political surveillance, the connections based on migrant networks provide a safe/free space for migrant platform workers to organize and mobilization, among the wider driver/rider community.\n\n8 MIGRATION, PRECARITY AND SOLIDARITY AMONG\n\n223","previous_page":222,"next_page":224}