{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","uuid":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","normalized_title":"migrantlabourinthegigeconomytheintersectionofmigrantlabourplatformcapitalismandresistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","isbns":["9783031912610","9783031912627"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":270,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Migrant%20Labour%20in%20the%20Gig%20Economy%20The%20Intersection%20of%20Migrant%20Labour%2C%20Platform%20Capitalism%2C%20and%20Resistance","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/search"},"page":{"printed_page":237,"pdf_page":245,"physical_index":245,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"58de886d3855b5d51fc1bcf50b13132924159101085ee2f1d9cb4d19319ce738"},"chapter":"Dynamics ofVirtual Work","content":"While lower-class migrant workers supported the social and reproductive needs of the “white-collar” class and tech workers, they often found themselves navigating the harsh realities of informality. These workers were unable to aspire to a quality of life that included decent housing, basic sanitation, access to safe drinking water, healthcare, fair working conditions, and a fulfilling social life (Zabeer et al., 2019). In a city producing 5.000 tonnes of solid waste daily, where migrants make up 51% of the population, working populations such as rag pickers forced to live in informal settlements not only endure unhygienic conditions but also face constant threats of dispossession by authorities. Most migrant workers remain trapped in a cycle, oscillating between the dehumanising conditions of urban life and the economic hardships of their villages, with no reprieve in sight (Muktiar & Sharma, 2024).\n\nSince 2014, Bengaluru’s urban landscape has also been shaped by the growing presence of digital labour platform (DLP) workers, many of whom are migrants providing essential services like transportation, care work, and food delivery. Similar to the domestic work sector, which absorbs a large portion of rural and semi-urban migrants, locationbased DLPs have become a major source of employment for these workers (Tandon & Rathi, 2023). While DLPs play a crucial macroeconomic role by absorbing migrant labour and enabling their mobility through simplified onboarding and tech-mediated workflows (e.g., GPS and algorithmically managed tasks), they also exploit racialized and castedetermined migrant labour flows, leveraging their precarity to impose long hours and further entrenching inequalities (Van Doorn & Vijay, 2024; Katta et al., 2024). Notably, the migrant workers in digital labour platforms (DLPs) exhibit high tolerance for degraded working conditions—an imposed position due to their structural vulnerabilities (Zhou, 2024).\n\nUrban economic growth has clearly relied on the exploitation of lowpaid migrant labour, with workers’ rights systematically denied through extra-legal and informal labour market mechanisms (Jayaram & Varma, 2020). Typically engaged in subcontracted jobs and digital labour platforms, where employer accountability is often obscured, these workers are excluded from labour laws and state oversight, resulting in severe exploitation (Jain & Sharma, 2018; Jayaram, 2019). In this context, our case study will explore how traditional trade unions have organized migrant workers, despite the fact that many of these workers lack direct employer accountability.\n\n9 TRANSVERSAL UNIONISM: RESISTING AND NAVIGATING\n\n237","previous_page":236,"next_page":238}