{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","id":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","uuid":"ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title":"Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy The Intersection of Migrant Labour, Platform Capitalism, and Resistance","normalized_title":"migrantlabourinthegigeconomytheintersectionofmigrantlabourplatformcapitalismandresistance","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9783031912610","isbns":["9783031912610","9783031912627"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":270,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Migrant%20Labour%20in%20the%20Gig%20Economy%20The%20Intersection%20of%20Migrant%20Labour%2C%20Platform%20Capitalism%2C%20and%20Resistance","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ce325a04-5bc9-4819-a776-439d90410b32/search"},"page":{"printed_page":65,"pdf_page":79,"physical_index":79,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"1a6527ba9c1425be33ca27decfcf5b6c35e6d9042b5907d2ab8c718a117deef7"},"chapter":"Dynamics ofVirtual Work","content":"All of this is clearly in line with the company’s strategy of minimising labour costs by guaranteeing a kind of flexible availability for underemployment, i.e. what Mezzadra (2023) calls potential labour. The condition of employment insecurity and the coercion of unemployment, however, are not peculiar consequences of the platform era; instead, they result from a long historical and political process of definitively archiving the wage society model in the Global North and the informalisation of economies and labour relations more generally (Breman & Linden, 2014). In this regard, revisiting the three trends identified by Robert Castel (1997, 2011) as salient features of the end of the wage society is helpful. These trends include the destabilisation of stability, the establishment of precariousness and the reappearance of surplus populations. The gig economy platforms provide compelling arguments for all three trends, which are seen by many scholars as symptoms of a global informalisation of the capitalist economy that seems to be reversing conventional development trajectories, leading to an increasing heterogeneity of economic worlds, with the West looking more and more like the Rest, rather than vice versa. (Beck, 2000; Breman & Linden, 2014; Routh & Borghi, 2016).\n\nHowever, what I particularly want to emphasise here is the resurgence of a surplus labour force population experiencing conditions of instability and coercion in labour markets, tracing the entrapment of migrant labour in digital capitalism. Without any doubts, platforms have settled into the process of chronicling precarity and uncertainty, inscribing themselves into the professional paths of individuals already accustomed to living day by day. This is especially relevant in countries where the regime of precarious, informal and intermittent work is the norm, and standard employment is the exception (Neilson & Rossiter, 2008). However, my primary focus is on the increase and reappearance of a “surplus population”, as defined by Castel (1997), which has stabilised over time and is now being incorporated into gig economy labour markets. The key difference from thirty years ago, as noted by Castel, is that while this population was composed of individuals unable to integrate into labour markets then—long-term unemployed and beneficiaries of welfare policies—today, in the face of the definitive crumbling of welfare forms, the surplus population is reintroduced into productive circuits and is immanent to platform labour markets. This reintroduction follows a peculiar form of adverse incorporation (or predatory inclusion), often in the form of a ‘potential’ labour army rather than a reserve army as Marx explained about the industrial era (Mezzadra, 2023).\n\n3 DIGITAL CAPORALATO AND MIGRANT LABOUR IN THE GIG …\n\n65","previous_page":64,"next_page":66}