{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","title":"智慧的疆界 从图灵机到人工智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787111778004","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","id":"cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","uuid":"cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","title":"智慧的疆界 从图灵机到人工智能","normalized_title":"智慧的疆界从图灵机到人工智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787111778004","isbns":["9787111778004","9787111695714"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":456,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%96%86%E7%95%8C%20%E4%BB%8E%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb/search"},"page":{"printed_page":180,"pdf_page":195,"physical_index":195,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7e8a25b7fa54fff61b824a7d3a534fab3174770076f7a3779abd7f1719d00b59"},"chapter":"内容简介","content":"以上例子中，小黄的第二种策略（尝试采用规律和知识来解决问题）和第三种策略（尝试根据经验和数据来解决问题）恰好与机器学习中的“推理”和“统计”两种手段相对应。在第 3 章介绍逻辑学的内容里，笔者曾经引述过这样一个哲学观点：人类认知世界的两种最基本的手段是“演绎”和“归纳”，有什么样的工具、手段，就能解决什么样的问题，人类能够认知的知识范围，是由这两种手段决定的。顺着这个逻辑，机器学习能够解决的问题的范围，当然也是由它所掌握的工具、手段所决定的。机器学习的两个主要发展方向与演绎、归纳相对应，演绎是根据一般规律推理出对个别事物的认知，归纳则是根据个别事物统计获得对一般规律的认知。如果我们以“可推理”和“可统计”作为分析维度，可把人类全部需要解决的问题放置到如图 6-2 所示的四个象限上<sup>○一</sup>，得到四类不同的知识和问题。\n\n180\n\n第三部分 第三波高潮\n\n○一 此处部分观点引自北京大学信息科学技术学院院长、中国工程院院士高文教授在 2016年中国计算机大会（CNCC）上的演讲内容。","previous_page":179,"next_page":181}