{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","title":"智慧的疆界 从图灵机到人工智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787111778004","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","id":"cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","uuid":"cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","title":"智慧的疆界 从图灵机到人工智能","normalized_title":"智慧的疆界从图灵机到人工智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787111778004","isbns":["9787111778004","9787111695714"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":456,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E7%9A%84%E7%96%86%E7%95%8C%20%E4%BB%8E%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/cf76bc49-7e9b-4f42-bee8-3050a9fb9feb/search"},"page":{"printed_page":60,"pdf_page":75,"physical_index":75,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7f7d0849a09d822f240a9c5ef5868230e70274d1eb502b7eb21e6f793abd86b9"},"chapter":"内容简介","content":"不过，转换生成语法在自然语言上虽然掀起了一场语言学的认知革命，但仅从结果来看，并没有获得在计算机语言上那样的成功，毕竟计算机语言与自然语言的复杂度不可同日而语。自然语言的歧义性（如“打击力度”就是名词短语，但“打击盗版”就是动词短语）和语法规则不确定性（常用规则可能只有几十条，但是算上非常用的语法规则就几乎无法穷举，甚至有些规则还互相矛盾）都是其复杂性的来源。而且从学术理论的角度来看，经过一系列学说大辩论，语言学逐步发展后，今天主流的语言学界并不认同乔姆斯基的观点。但是无论如何，对于 20 世纪 50 年代刚刚开始“自然语言处理”（NaturalLanguage Processing，NLP）领域研究的学者而言，终于有一套可以被计算机操作的理论进行指导了。直至 20 世纪 80 年代之前，NLP 的主要思路都是按照“短语结构语法”（Phrase Structure Grammar，PSG，是转换生成语法的一个分支）的理论进行分析的。\n\n如图 2-12 所示，1965 年出现了世界上第一个真正意义上的聊天机器人程序，即麻省理工学院计算机实验室的约瑟夫·维森鲍姆（Joseph Weizenbaum）开发的程序：ELIZA。\n\n60\n\n第一部分 以智慧创造智慧","previous_page":59,"next_page":61}