{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","title":"State Platform Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781009619714","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","id":"d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","uuid":"d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","title":"State Platform Capitalism","normalized_title":"stateplatformcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781009619714","isbns":["9781009619714","9781009446594","9781009446587"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":98,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/State%20Platform%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":58,"pdf_page":63,"physical_index":63,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ea54c1b7e6cf65ecd3e2af3a6a32525e66e198f3c8ec9be1f6567c264a844958"},"chapter":"Cambridge Elements","content":"Coalition) enjoy backing from the US Federal Communications Commission to work to devise standards enabling the unbundling of5G hardware and software, in ways which enable US platform giants such as Facebook and Google to collaborate with Huawei rivals Nokia and Ericsson to freeze out Chinese competition.\n\nSimilarly, in the AI sphere, Chinese technology firms have become major exporters of AI, as it integrates such services into broader technology and infrastructure deals in areas like health, communications technology, and e-governance. China has successfully captured market share on the African continent by supplying ‘cloud storage capabilities, building out data centers, and then integrating all of those technical systems with AI-capable tools’ (Bouey et al., 2023, 28). Although smaller than giant US rivals Amazon and Microsoft, Alibaba and Tencent have become major global cloud service providers. They operate large networks of global data centres, which are now being integrated with these platforms’ growing AI capabilities such as Alibaba’s Qwen (TechNode, 2023; Dobberstein, 2024). China’s increasingly competitive position in global AI services provision raises the possibility of its firms being able to set de facto standards in the global industry (Drexel and Kelley, 2023). Domestically, China’s regulators have already begun to develop a suite of technical standards for compliance with its increasingly expansive AI and algorithmic regulations (such as techniques for watermarking AI-generated content) (Sheehan, 2024). If these become embedded in its platforms’ global offerings, they are likely to become embedded (Rühlig, 2023).\n\nBut in AI, as in networking equipment, the United States is using extant standards-setting power as a cudgel with which to weaken China’s competitive threat. As Bloomberg recently reported, ‘[s]ome American lawmakers have argued that the United States should play a leading role in the shaping of global AI governance, pointing to China’s advancements in the field as a safety and competition concern’ (Saraiva, 2024). To this end, the United States recently established an Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (AISI) within its National Institute of Standards and Technology. The AISI launched a state-industry consortium for AI safety in February 2024, packed with over 200 industry representatives including Google, Meta, Amazon, NVIDIA, and others (Shepardson, 2024). The consortium will help the AISI fulfil its strategy, shared in outline form in May 2024, to ‘ensure that AISI’s impact is sustained, domestically and internationally, through the adoption of AI safety norms’ and standards (Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute, 2024). As it collaborates with its domestic platform giants to produce technical standards for the AI industry, the US government is also driving international initiatives designed to cement its status as a leader of AI standards. It has played a leading role in the\n\n58\n\nReinventing Capitalism","previous_page":57,"next_page":59}