{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","title":"State Platform Capitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781009619714","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","id":"d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","uuid":"d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","title":"State Platform Capitalism","normalized_title":"stateplatformcapitalism","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781009619714","isbns":["9781009619714","9781009446594","9781009446587"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":98,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/State%20Platform%20Capitalism","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d06b946b-6924-4f30-afbd-92f915edbae4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":6,"pdf_page":11,"physical_index":11,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0e39408831a3e5cc46ac58e3a4cdf897554404569760f4e6cf4983007966291c"},"chapter":"Cambridge Elements","content":"2000s. As they amassed nearly unassailable market positions in many countries, they largely struggled to gain a foothold in China. This left space for domestic Chinese firms to grow and innovate. Although still considerably smaller in scale and value, today, China’s platform giants are increasingly venturing overseas and competing directly with their US rivals. In some market sectors Chinese platforms like Huawei, Tiktok, Shein, Alibaba, and ZTE can win. Huawei has no US rival in the field of 5/6 G networking and is mounting a real challenge to US opponents in the chip and AI sector, while Chinese media platform TikTok is stealing a march on American rivals across large parts of the world. Alibaba and Tencent are increasingly important players in cloud computing, while these and other firms offer a growing range of vital services to global markets such as e-government technologies, smart cities, health tech, and AI.\n\nUS institutions have voiced mounting alarm at the rapid growth of Chinese platform firms. For instance, China’s Belt and Road Initiative has facilitated the expansion of China’s global port investments. Chinese-owned ports typically deploy a logistics management platform called LOGINK that intermediates relations among shippers, receivers, port operators, and regulators. By integrating and sharing shipping data amongst these users, LOGINK provides essential functions that underpin global trade. It also writes the rules by which its users interact, which affords it significant power in trade and production networks. The US government interprets integration of this digital software with port infrastructure as a threat because ‘China’s government may use insights gleaned from LOGINK to expand and more precisely target its use of economic coercion. Data aggregated through the platform may enable China to block or disrupt trade flows’ to its enemies’ (USCC Staff, 2022). Importantly, the US government does not allege that China has actually done any ofthese things, but it fears widespread use of the LOGINK platform gives Beijing a strategic network position that has the potential to be weaponized.\n\n1.4 An Emergent Global Regime of Competition\n\nAs the LOGINK example indicates, platforms do far more than intermediate relations among buyers and sellers. They also regulate and govern interactions between third parties, and extract an extraordinary amount of valuable data in the process. This expansive power to govern through code has led many commentators to understand large platform firms as alternative power centres to nation-states. According to some, firms like Google are simply too expansive and complex for states to regulate, while their rules and investment strategies continue to disrupt and reshape growing swathes of the real economy (Gu, 2023).\n\n6\n\nReinventing Capitalism","previous_page":5,"next_page":7}