{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","uuid":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","normalized_title":"timethemodernandpostmodernexperience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":178,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Time%20The%20Modern%20and%20Postmodern%20Experience","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":123,"pdf_page":123,"physical_index":123,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ee1854a5dd4c7dba5fdb5165d706f6ca3548b5ccb658c23564645043ac3644cb"},"chapter":"An Embarrassment of Proper Times:","content":"With the welfare state undertaking tasks of reproduction and services which were formerly fulfilled within the family, even though on a smaller scale, neither in a specialized nor in a professionalized manner, patterns of time entered public gainful employment which cannot automatically be adapted to those of industrial production. Even if the lessons in schools are thoroughly standardized in terms of form and content, and even if hospitals or old people's homes may be regarded as ‘factories'for patients in many respects, the periods of time furnished there and devoted to nursing cannot be rationalized, automated or made flexible in the same way as they can for the new production technologies. Not yet – for the pervasion of personal services with new communication technologies, the computerization of hospitals and social services, is imminent. There still remains a period of interaction with patients or clients, however, which cannot easily be handled via machines, a balanced negotiating process of the giving and taking of time. Peter Pritchard, one of the few doctors who have tackled the problem of time as a form of interaction between doctors and patients, argues for a participatory orientation 'that is not popular with professions, but is slowly gaining ground'.25 It is a question here of more than a better use of waiting periods. But even if doctors and others learn to budget their time better through better organization and a change in their personal habits in their lives and work, there still remains a stubborn residue: a period of inter-human caring, furnished in the form of a service which cannot be replaced totally by technology, or totally by monetary calculation, or by organization, however skilful it may be; a residue of time freed of financial charge as the exchange medium of human relations which – still – resists, in its irreducibility and universality, the general exchange medium of money and its dominance on the market. There are residues of relations in which time can only be exchanged for time, and in which the norm of reciprocity determines the prevailing tone of human gatherings. But it can be seen that time in which empathy, affection and solidarity can be expressed only through personal presence is on the retreat, that new conventions are establishing economically acceptable exchange relations, when time becomes replaceable by money and technology, and by purchased substitutes. Personal presence becomes a partial one with the aid of technological communication – the voice on the telephone, the electronically transmitted word, the instantaneous but indirect communication, replace the complete person. What remain are archaic remnants of an exchange relation in which time could only be traded for time, and the mediation of purchased replacement time via money did not yet exist. All time of caring, occasions for mutual joy or mourning, time which is qualitatively tied to particular individuals, retains traces of these archaic remnants, but they are simply remnants.\n\nPolitics of Time\n\n123","previous_page":122,"next_page":124}