{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","uuid":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","normalized_title":"timethemodernandpostmodernexperience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":178,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Time%20The%20Modern%20and%20Postmodern%20Experience","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":147,"pdf_page":145,"physical_index":145,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2053eb7281d4515fc402ef4d5a1d8c0243d11afce31fe403e4b2c66d65cae4e8"},"chapter":"An Embarrassment of Proper Times:","content":"The interval, once it is transported from the level of interhuman relations into the time-structure of institutions, changes its quality there. Of course, as a strategic instrument of power it remains effective there too. The priority of the fixed deadline within bureaucratic organizations is an example which has already been cited; establishing temporal priorities is a means of reducing complexity. But while people, who confront others as beings who confer meaning, symbolically interact, and communicate with one another, even though antagonistically, fix time by inventing intervals, playing with them, and 'making' time themselves in the succession of interhuman actions, in ritual gestures and customs, in skilful delaying tactics, in promising or running up debts, the time of institutions faces them as something more viscous, already made, if not even frozen. The frequent use of the term 'time', as if time possessed an independent existence, is connected not least with the fact that timè in social facilities and institutions becomes relatively independent of individuals. Just as the means of determining time, whether created by human beings or not, have a motion of their own, since it is a question of socially standardized motions which have a certain degree of independence from other motions and from other human and non-human changes, the individual person has to coordinate his or her own behaviour with the established time of the group to which he or she belongs, and with the organizations which surround him or her.\n\nIt is this alienation of time, occurring through its concentration within institutions, which then reacts as something external, is felt to be a constraint, and can be used as an instrument of power. Where the interval in the interhuman sphere is relatively open and can be shaped, it becomes rigid where it is a question of legally regulated deadlines on which sanctions are imposed; where the credit apparatus sets deadlines and makes money work; where it is a matter of waiting periods which are fixed, tolerated and dictated by organizations and within them. A broad field of activity presents itself here for intercultural and interorganizational comparison: who has to wait, how long, what for and how, can serve as an indicator of the value which time – whose time? – is given within an organization. But in this way the original conditions for the slow consolidation of the interval, its embedding in power structures, can also be understood.\n\nThe Longing for the Moment\n\n147","previous_page":146,"next_page":148}