{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","uuid":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","normalized_title":"timethemodernandpostmodernexperience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":178,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Time%20The%20Modern%20and%20Postmodern%20Experience","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":17,"pdf_page":17,"physical_index":17,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"82db472c232e2d7bae70ed4074dc90790df50b232a79325b86f69aa3e42d78b0"},"chapter":"An Embarrassment of Proper Times:","content":"What has also increased, however, is precision in the measurement of time, which can be conducted with the aid of caesium atomic clocks. Time has become a unit of measurement per se, to which other fundamental measurements, above all the measurement of length, are reduced. For some time now, it has been specified as the unit of time which light covers within a certain time. The human brain perceives space via time differences established by the nervous system. The accuracy of gauges in physics makes it possible to detect variations and small irregularities where one previously saw constants. Thus we know today that the period of the earth's rotation, which before 1967 served as a basis for the measurement of time, varies slightly between summer and winter, and from year to year. These variations are partly regular, partly unpredictable. World time is established by an international clock authority, the Bureau International de l'Heure in Paris, on the basis of the readings which come from the largest measuring laboratories in the world. At intervals of about one and a half years, so-called leap seconds are inserted into the coordinated universal time, of the UTC, to prevent deviations of more than 0.7 seconds from navigational time from arising.² The range of the measurement of time within physics contains periods which extend from 10-15 thousand million years (the time light requires to reach the earth from the remotest still observable galaxy, which indicates the age of the known universe as well) to $1 0 ^ { - 1 5 }$ seconds (e.g. for phenomena in the atomic sphere). But phenomena are also investigated which require even less time, for instance the duration of elemental processes which can be imagined down to $1 0 ^ { - 4 4 }$ seconds (Planck's scale).\n\nEveryday life in society has a different look to that in physics. In social life, time-scales are used which are suitable to human behaviour and human perception. They range from the mythical times of the once upon a time'to the immediately perceptible present, and can accordingly be indicated in tens of thousands of years or in split seconds. Infinitely long or infinitesimally short periods are experienced as larger or smaller in relation to the human perceptive faculty. But in social existence as well, the precision of the measurement of time has been refined and the temporal range extended. It is not just that past and future have been extended in the footsteps of the periods of time opened up by the measurements of physics – a spatial extension of a standardized time, gradually encompassing the earth, has also taken place. A lot of things have contributed to this: the processes of increasing economic and political integration and the technological possibilities which provide the transport of goods, people and information more quickly and on a broader basis, but also a gradual alignment of ways of life which began with the industrial mode of production. The insistence on a standardization of time in social life manifests itself in the approach towards a world-wide simultaneity, the perception of events and of processes which occur at the same time in different corners of the earth. Today people again feel a peculiar and hitherto unheard-of desire: they want to have more time for themselves.\n\nThe Illusion of Simultaneity\n\n17","previous_page":null,"next_page":18}