{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","uuid":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","normalized_title":"timethemodernandpostmodernexperience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":178,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Time%20The%20Modern%20and%20Postmodern%20Experience","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":63,"pdf_page":63,"physical_index":63,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7e5bdc4627666c80cf0c5493cad388c06116f4dec6bea5c7cbcbe7fb23384a24"},"chapter":"An Embarrassment of Proper Times:","content":"What a difference between the time discipline which was to the fore during the machine age and that which industrial production envisages today: during the industrial revolution, time discipline consisted in the mostly forced and painful habituation of people to the temporal requirements of the machine and its economic conditions of production. It presupposed the laborious learning of punctuality, to which children were habituated at school from an early age – as a preparation for working life – a process which was implemented with brutal methods and required an extremely long time to lead to that internalization which has become a matter of course today. Punctuality as a temporal 'virtue' no longer exists today; it is expected as an element of self-discipline from all members of society who want to take part in working life. Efforts are no longer concentrated on human beings today, but on the prerequisites for and consequences of the activity of innovation in terms of temporal organization. The timetable in the life cycle of a product or a market is to be investigated and then made controllable. The physical and mental adaptability of human beings is presupposed; they are already sufficiently disciplined with regard to time. What now has to follow is the adaptability of institutions: marketing, the influencing of tastes and of fashions, the programming of artificial obsolescence in a society which has already been familiarized with disposability'. Innovations and markets are to be subordinated to the temporal discipline of rise, saturation and decline; beforehand one has to learn it, and in order to be able to learn it, it has to be investigated.\n\nThe life cycles of technologies are confronted with other super-cycles and epicycles in the financial sphere, where risk capital has to be created and destroyed'in order to keep the profitable cycle alive. Viewed thus, the production of goods and services, of jobs and of capital, obeys a single cycle of enormous complexity, controlled by the individual life cycles of the subsystems, and decided at the right' moments of buying and selling. A remarkably complex institutionally controlled management of time attempts to recognize these cyclical interconnections in their temporal interdependences, in order then to be able to implement the strategy of the controlled interval. This is the attempt to achieve a planned and managed growth by controlling its speed, and in the knowledge that as a result of the built-in cyclicality growth will be followed by decline, and obsolescence. If it is possible to learn to control acceleration in a cycle, then time discipline becomes ever more extensible. Chronobiology and chronosociology are joined by chronotechnology. This has little use for the linearity of the machine age. What is interesting is no longer the individual worker in interaction with the machine when the so-called man-machine-system has long since been incorporated into a larger organizational complex, but the proper times through which phases of innovation occur in institutional and organizational time discipline. Biological metaphors should not tempt us to see linearity as 'hard' and cyclicality as soft' time discipline. As with the chronology of history, they bear no content, they are – to begin with – empty.\n\nFrom the Future to the Extended Present\n\n63","previous_page":62,"next_page":64}