{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","id":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","uuid":"d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title":"Time The Modern and Postmodern Experience","normalized_title":"timethemodernandpostmodernexperience","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":null,"isbns":[],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":178,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Time%20The%20Modern%20and%20Postmodern%20Experience","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d3ee5fbb-1124-4191-99e1-3139801e0da2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":76,"pdf_page":76,"physical_index":76,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d577faae25cd90ec59f2cc9b785fa1c4b9a7e98218da809a38a18f5d4e68d96c"},"chapter":"An Embarrassment of Proper Times:","content":"In the course of these observational inquiries and expeditions of discovery into the territory of the laboratory, previously entered only by scientific 'natives'and which is devoted to the generation of scientific knowledge, what presented itself to observation was pre-eminently that which was visible: the activities of the scientists, their technical practice in handling apparatus, in measuring and checking natural processes which – invisible to begin with – are made visible only by the processes of measurement. The sociologists of science further encountered what was entered and written down. Notes and diagrams of all kinds, photographs and pictures which are produced with the aid of information technologies.\n\nThese notes give insights both into the deep structure and into the surface composition of the phenomena investigated: they reproduce what had been entered' by means of the process of measurement into the apparatus constructed for this purpose. But the 'signs'thus registered have to be read and interpreted. The discussion between scientists serves this purpose, their 'negotiation' conducted together, which finally leads to a process of 'manufacture of facts': through the transcription of what has been ascertained and mediated so far, the scientific text emerges which, with the publication aspired to in a scientific journal, is turned at last into what, though discussible and criticizable, is still a fact'.1\n\nSuch a schematic course of the process of scientific work in the laboratory, as observed and interpreted by sociologists of science, is based on a spatial model which has also been explicitly elaborated by Bruno Latour, one of the most famous spokesmen of this approach.² According to him, the success of the natural sciences, in comparison with other methods of creating knowledge, is based on the fact that they manage to make a portion of natural phenomena'mobile', to extract them from the natural locality where they are found, and to transport them to the laboratory. What science creates in this process is mobile, transportable nature. Sometimes things and phenomena change their form, their substance or other properties during this process. Distortions can arise which ought to be corrected again if possible. For what is desired is indeed mobile nature, which nevertheless is to be preserved unchanged in its nature. Nature made mobile is to be brought into the laboratory as invariantly as possible. For only there are its motions committed to paper. The answers given by nature to the experimental conditions can be recorded as traces or images. Photographs fix series of movements, and much that is large in nature can be reduced in the laboratory to the scale of human perception: by means of the central process of miniaturization, it is increasingly possible to fetch more phenomena into the laboratory. This development signals a general trend according to which all the sciences are developing into 'laboratory science': with the aid of computer-based imaging technologies or space telescopes, they are even able, as in the case of astronomy, to become independent of observation in the field to a certain extent.³\n\n76\n\nCronos's Fear of the New Age","previous_page":null,"next_page":77}