{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a","title":"哈贝马斯作品集 交往行为理论 第一卷 行为合理性与社会合理化","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153547","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a","id":"d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a","uuid":"d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a","title":"哈贝马斯作品集 交往行为理论 第一卷 行为合理性与社会合理化","normalized_title":"哈贝马斯作品集交往行为理论第一卷行为合理性与社会合理化","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787208153547","isbns":["9787208153547"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":560,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%93%88%E8%B4%9D%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E9%9B%86%20%E4%BA%A4%E5%BE%80%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%20%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%B7%20%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%90%88%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/d6c14ac7-04dd-43ff-b8c8-f495a729ff0a/search"},"page":{"printed_page":207,"pdf_page":213,"physical_index":213,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"91b682008ff6405ff345a13e3a9d4c2f2278ef73ad8bcb8f996466379d96f3e3"},"chapter":"交往行为理论","content":"普遍主义(Universalismus):19世纪的精神科学和文化科学更加关注社会生活方式、传统、价值以及规范的变化范围。历史主义把自身传统和思维方式的相对性经验归纳为如下问题：经验科学中设定的合理性标准难道自身不是有着时空限制的文化，亦即现代欧洲文化的组成部分，因而丧失了其普遍有效性要求。但是，对于多元文化当中是否也会出现认识论相对主义这个问题，历史主义处理得比较草率。精神科学主要探讨的是有文字记载的文化传统，它给人的直观印象是：不同的文明在原则上是平等的；文化人类学研究的则是古代社会，它对古代社会与现代社会之间的发展差别轻易不会无动于衷。此外，功能主义文化人类学当中从来没有出现过这样的危险：一边用进化决定论批驳一切合规律性的推理法则的（nomologisch）分析，另一边却得出相对主义的结论。正如我们在后文中将会看到的，韦伯在这场争论中所持的是一种谨慎的普遍主义立场；他认为，合理化过程并不是西方所特有的现象，尽管综观一切世界宗教，合理化只有在欧洲发展成为一种理性主义，这种合理主义一方面具有特殊性，即为西方所特有，另一方面又具有普遍性，也就是说，它是现代性的普遍特征。\n\n二、马克斯·韦伯的合理化理论\n\n207","previous_page":206,"next_page":208}