{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","uuid":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","normalized_title":"criticaltheoryofcommunicationnewreadingsoflukácsadornomarcusehonnethandhabermasintheageoftheinternet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","isbns":["9781911534044","9781911534051","9781911534068","9781911534075"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Critical%20Theory%20of%20Communication%20New%20Readings%20of%20Luk%C3%A1cs%2C%20Adorno%2C%20Marcuse%2C%20Honneth%20and%20Habermas%20in%20the%20Age%20of%20the%20Internet","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/search"},"page":{"printed_page":164,"pdf_page":168,"physical_index":168,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f1001645267ce2e4bd7f50693171d665b08470276d3afa56009aa90df0355e77"},"chapter":"C H R I S T I A N F U C H S CRITICAL THEORY OF COMMUNICATION","content":"5.4.1. Lukács: Teleological Positing\n\nGeorg Lukács has in his Ontology of Social Being therefore characterised human activity as ‘teleological positing’ that results in ‘the rise of a new objectivity (Lukács 1978, 3). Human production is teleological because in it a ‘conscious creator’ (human beings) produces with a purpose, orientation and goal (5).\n\nSuch goals are not necessarily instrumental and aimed at domination. For example peace, love, care and understanding are also goals. Human activity presupposes that humans reflect on how, why and what they want to produce in the world. Lukács considers teleological positing (the conscious and active production of changes by realising subjective intentions in the objective world) as a common feature of work and communication, i.e. the economy and culture. There is an ‘ontological similarity of base and superstructure as they are both based on teleological positings and their causal efects’5 (Lukács 1986, 424). In the economy, where work creates goods, the intentional goals tend to be much more clearly defined, whereas in culture, where communication influences social behaviour, there is much more scope for what is considered desirable and undesirable, for ‘reactions to societal matters of fact, situations, tasks, etc.’6 (Lukács 1986, 417). Lukács says that in the economy, the value of a product depends on whether it is ‘immediately useful or non-useful, whereas in artistic creation the field and possibilities of value and non-value are extraordinarily widely stretched and hardly determinable in advance’7 (535).\n\nConscious and active production is an inherently social activity in society. Lukács’ notion of teleological positing allows overcoming the separation of work and ideas. Teleological positing is a production of physical, social, and informational use-values that satisfy human needs. We can take from Honneth the insight that many social theories agree that there are three realms of society and combine it with Lukács’ insight that production as social process of teleological positing creates the unity of these spheres. Honneth’s moral idealism that sees the importance of sociality can thereby be turned into a materialist ethics and social theory. Humans produce use-values that satisfy human needs in the economy, collective decisions in the political system, and meanings/definitions of the world (including moral judgments and identities) in the cultural system. Use-values, collective decisions, and definitions are the fundamental objects posited by human social activities in the three realms of society. The three realms of the economy, politics and culture are however not independent: economic activities posit use-values, collective decisions and definitions however also use-values satisfying the needs of organisation and understanding.\n\n5.4.2. Political and Cultural Production\n\nPolitical and cultural production are economic and non-economic at the same time: both require political and cultural workers that create together with others political and cultural objects. These objects do however not just have an economic role, but as rules and definitions shape society outside of the economy too. Politics and culture have an economic foundation and emergent, non-economic qualities (Fuchs 2015, chapters 2 and 3).\n\n164\n\nCritical Theory of Communication","previous_page":163,"next_page":165}