{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","uuid":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","normalized_title":"criticaltheoryofcommunicationnewreadingsoflukácsadornomarcusehonnethandhabermasintheageoftheinternet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","isbns":["9781911534044","9781911534051","9781911534068","9781911534075"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Critical%20Theory%20of%20Communication%20New%20Readings%20of%20Luk%C3%A1cs%2C%20Adorno%2C%20Marcuse%2C%20Honneth%20and%20Habermas%20in%20the%20Age%20of%20the%20Internet","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/search"},"page":{"printed_page":213,"pdf_page":217,"physical_index":217,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"e02f06517c870b4a44a163bedf738bb0b0201a3f6e3bc1c261c7da6f91d90f9a"},"chapter":"C H R I S T I A N F U C H S CRITICAL THEORY OF COMMUNICATION","content":"7.5. Axel Honneth Revisits Lukács’ History and Class Consciousness: The Critical Theory of Recognition, Alienation and Reification\n\nAdorno and Horkheimer’s notion of instrumental reason as well as Marcuse’s category of technological rationality have in the Frankfurt School mainly been used for analysing how ideology creates one-dimensional and identical consciousness. The very idea that humans are turned into machines and instruments that serve the particular interests of the dominant class is, however, of broader relevance and is also important outside the realm of ideology. It goes back to Lukács’ concept of reification that he formulated in History and Class Consciousness and that is based on Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism and alienation. Axel Honneth has explored the relevance of Lukács’ concept of reification for grounding a critical theory of recognition.\n\nFor Lukács, reification in very general terms means that there are social structures that treat humans not as real humans, but turn them into instruments serving particularistic interests by dominating, exploiting or trying to manipulate them. Honneth is interested in combining moral philosophy and critical theory. He does so in contrast to other contemporary theorists of alienation by reinterpreting Lukács’ concept of reification. Whereas Honneth in his earlier works tends to speak of love, rights and esteem as the three realms of human recognition in society, in his later works he identifies the recognition of needs, equality and the achievements of work. Reification is for Honneth forgetfulness of recognition. Whereas reification is the process that implements domination, alienation is the condition that results from reification.\n\nHonneth’s theory of recognition can be connected to the Marxian concept of social production and thereby also be related to Lukács’ notion of teleological positing: humans have the interest to engage with others and produce a social world in the economy, politics and culture because they aim to achieve recognition. Recognition is a key goal of humans’ teleological positings in society. They produce use-values, decisions and meanings as a social process not just in order to survive, but also in order to lead a good life, which includes to be recognised by others and to recognise others. Such a distinction of three forms of recognition is based on a distinction among three realms of society: the economy, politics, and culture. Reification and alienation deny humans social recognition by fostering exploitation, control and exclusion. There are economic, political and cultural forms of reification/alienation. Each of them operates on three levels: the subject, intersubjectivity, and the object. Struggles against these nine forms of alienation are struggles for the appropriation of the control over the conditions, under which humans socially produce their lives and society.\n\nConclusion\n\n213","previous_page":212,"next_page":214}