{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","uuid":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","normalized_title":"criticaltheoryofcommunicationnewreadingsoflukácsadornomarcusehonnethandhabermasintheageoftheinternet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","isbns":["9781911534044","9781911534051","9781911534068","9781911534075"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Critical%20Theory%20of%20Communication%20New%20Readings%20of%20Luk%C3%A1cs%2C%20Adorno%2C%20Marcuse%2C%20Honneth%20and%20Habermas%20in%20the%20Age%20of%20the%20Internet","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/search"},"page":{"printed_page":216,"pdf_page":220,"physical_index":220,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"beb1f76a875ce426430729b787a340e8029c038ff2e856b51f4ad9b2ffb0ec63"},"chapter":"C H R I S T I A N F U C H S CRITICAL THEORY OF COMMUNICATION","content":"All human action is purposeful, which Lukács stresses by his category of teleological positing. Only specific purposeful action is instrumental action, namely action aimed at domination, exploitation, control, manipulation or exclusion. We can distinguish between instrumental action that aims at instrumentalising humans and society for fostering the domination of some over others and co-operative action that is based on the logic that actions benefit all. Communication as the symbolic process bringing about social relations all over society is embedded into structures of domination and emancipation. There are instrumental and co-operative forms of communication.\n\nPegatron is a Chinese company that manufactures phones and computer equipment for Apple and other communications companies. In 2015, China Labor Watch released an investigative report about the working conditions in a Pegatron factory in Shanghai:\n\nWith a median work week of 60 hours, workers typically accumulate 70 to 90 hours of overtime a month, far in excess of the Chinese statutory limit of 36 hours. One worker even worked 119 overtime hours in September. […] Overtime is mandatory. A Pegatron staf member said that a worker who simply wants to do an 8-hour, 5-day workweek “does not conform to our hiring practices”. […] Workers are paid the minimum wage (about \\$1.83/hour), so they depend on overtime to make a living wage. […] Labor intensity can be high. For example, CLW’s investigator worked on one unit every 3.75 seconds, standing for the entirety of his 10.5 hours of daily work. […] Dorms are crowded, with anywhere from 8 to 14 people housed in one room. […] up to 40 people need to share the use of one toilet. […] Dorms are poor and unhygienic. Mold grows everywhere. Bed bugs have spread throughout some dorms. […] In pre-job training, nothing is mentioned of the toxic chemicals that workers may come into contact with during the course of their jobs or how to protect themselves. This is despite hazardous working conditions that may include coming into contact with substances like cadmium, lead, and mercury, and handling heavy industrial equipment. […] Pegatron fines workers for various behaviors, including crossing their legs or not wearing their work ID. […] There was no apparent labor union observed at Pegatron. Pegatron’s trainer did not know the meaning of the words “labor union” (China Labor Watch 2015, 8–9).\n\nAmazon Mechanical Turk is Amazon’s crowd work platform. Workers earning their living on this platform have set up WeAreDynamo.org, a platform that documents working conditions and campaigns, for example publishing letters that these workers wrote to Amazon.com CEO Jef Bezos. One ‘Turker describes her work the following way:\n\n216\n\nCritical Theory of Communication","previous_page":215,"next_page":217}