{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","uuid":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","normalized_title":"criticaltheoryofcommunicationnewreadingsoflukácsadornomarcusehonnethandhabermasintheageoftheinternet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","isbns":["9781911534044","9781911534051","9781911534068","9781911534075"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Critical%20Theory%20of%20Communication%20New%20Readings%20of%20Luk%C3%A1cs%2C%20Adorno%2C%20Marcuse%2C%20Honneth%20and%20Habermas%20in%20the%20Age%20of%20the%20Internet","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/search"},"page":{"printed_page":22,"pdf_page":26,"physical_index":26,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6690e4756395aa5110c5fedb9a5d6d676c0d2b196443f911a3ca7fcb733abca4"},"chapter":"C H R I S T I A N F U C H S CRITICAL THEORY OF COMMUNICATION","content":"1.3. The Frankfurt School\n\n1.3.1. Three Generations of the Frankfurt School\n\nThe Frankfurt Institute for Social Research at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt was founded in 1923. Its first directors1 were Carl Grünberg (1923–1930), Max Horkheimer (1930–1953), and Theodor W. Adorno (1959–1969). After Adorno’s death, a committee of directors, including Gerhard Brandt, Rudolf Gunzert, Ludwig von Friedeburg, Wilhelm Schumm and Helmut Dubiel, led the Institute. Von Friedeburg was its director in the years 1997–2001. Axel Honneth has held the directorship since 2001. The Institute has been a space for the development of critical theories of society.\n\nRolf Wiggershaus (1995, 1) diferentiates in his book The Frankfurt School: Its History, Theories and Political Significance between the Frankfurt School’s first and second generation. He wants to ‘distinguish the older Frankfurt School from what has developed from it since the 1970s’. Martin Jay (1996, xv, 356– 364) in his book The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research 1923–1950 discerns between the Frankfurt School’s first generation (e.g. Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse, Friedrich Pollock, Erich Fromm, Walter Benjamin, Leo Löwenthal, Franz Neumann, Otto Kirchheimer), second generation (e.g. Jürgen Habermas, Alfred Schmidt, Albrecht Wellmer), and third generation (e.g. Axel Honneth, Oskar Negt, Helmut Dubiel, Claus Ofe, Hauke Brunkhorst, Detlev Claussen). Also a fourth generation of thinkers in the tradition of the Frankfurt School has emerged. They tend to have a background in critical humanities or critical social sciences. It for example includes works by the social philosopher Rahel Jaeggi, the sociologists Hartmut Rosa and Thomas Lemke, etc.\n\n1.3.2. Georg Lukács and the Frankfurt School\n\nThis book applies specific thoughts from selected key thinkers from three generations of the Frankfurt School to the realms of communication as well as digital and social media. Lukács, Adorno and Marcuse represent the Frankfurt School’s first generation, Habermas the second one, and Honneth the third one. Lukács is a foundational thinker of the Frankfurt School and of cultural Marxism in general. His notion of reification that is grounded in Marx’s concept of fetishism influenced Horkheimer and Adorno’s distinction between instrumental and critical reason (Horkheimer 1947, Horkheimer and Adorno 2002), Horkheimer’s (2002) diferentiation between traditional and critical theory, and Marcuse’s (1941b, 1964) concept of technological rationality. It is therefore a logical step to start this book with a chapter dedicated to Lukács’ thought (chapter 2). Adorno and Marcuse, to whom chapters 3 and 4 are dedicated, built their thought, among others, on Lukács. I focus on Honneth, a representative of the third generation, in chapter 5, and then on Habermas, a representative of the second generation, in chapter 6. I have chosen this sequence because Honneth, more than Habermas, grounds his thoughts in Lukács, which is more closely related to Adorno and Marcuse, and because Habermas is the key Frankfurt School thinker who thought about communication. For focusing on a critical theory of communication, he is therefore the central point of engagement. Dedicating the final and concluding chapter to Habermas with the aim of elaborating some foundations and prolegomena to a dialectical-critical theory of communication allows me to conclude with a focus on the most foundational questions.\n\n22\n\nCritical Theory of Communication","previous_page":21,"next_page":23}