{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","uuid":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","normalized_title":"criticaltheoryofcommunicationnewreadingsoflukácsadornomarcusehonnethandhabermasintheageoftheinternet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","isbns":["9781911534044","9781911534051","9781911534068","9781911534075"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Critical%20Theory%20of%20Communication%20New%20Readings%20of%20Luk%C3%A1cs%2C%20Adorno%2C%20Marcuse%2C%20Honneth%20and%20Habermas%20in%20the%20Age%20of%20the%20Internet","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/search"},"page":{"printed_page":8,"pdf_page":12,"physical_index":12,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d8ea15d0cf28b679d9c7f37d3906332500f13ee0a0e1a7f5e6c460eeb9e6817f"},"chapter":"C H R I S T I A N F U C H S CRITICAL THEORY OF COMMUNICATION","content":"1.1.6. Dialectical Reason\n\nIn Marx’s works, concepts that describe the existence of capitalism (profit, surplus value, worker, capital, commodity, etc.) are dialectical because they ‘transcend the given social reality in the direction of another historical structure which is present as a tendency in the given reality’ and represent the essence of man (Marcuse 1988/1968, 86).\n\nIf, for instance, it is said that concepts such as wages, the value of labor, and entrepreneurial profit are only categories of manifestations behind which are hidden the ‘essential relations’ of the second set of concepts, it is also true that these essential relations represent the truth of the manifestations only insofar as the concepts which comprehend them already contain their own negation and transcendence – the image of a social organization without surplus value. All materialist concepts contain an accusation and an imperative (Marcuse 1988/1968, 86).\n\nMarx’s categories ‘are negative and at the same time positive’ (Marcuse 1941a, 295).\n\nThe concepts of contradiction (negation) and negation of the negation are crucial for critical theory: in capitalism, every fact is ‘a negation and restriction of real possibilities’ (282). ‘Private property is a fact, but at the same time it is a negation of man’s collective appropriation of nature’ (Marcuse 1941a, 282). ‘The historical character of the Marxian dialectic embraces the prevailing negativity as well as its negation. […] the negation of the negation […] does not steadily and automatically grow out of the earlier state; it can be set free only by an autonomous act on the part of men’ (Marcuse 1941a, 315). The dialectic of capitalism has a structural-objective part; capital accumulation’s contradictions result in crisis. These contradictions can only be overcome by the subjective force of the dialectic: political struggle (Marcuse 1941a, 316–319).\n\n1.1.7. Ideology Critique\n\n‘Basic to the present form of social organization, the antagonisms of the capitalist production process, is the fact that the central phenomena connected with this process do not immediately appear to men as what they are “in reality”, but in masked, ‘perverted’ form’ (Marcuse 1988/1968, 70).\n\n1.1.8. Struggles and Political Praxis\n\nFor the Frankfurt School, critical theory aims at and supports social struggles for a better world: ‘The materialist protest and materialist critique originated in the struggle of oppressed groups for better living conditions and remain permanently associated with the actual process of this struggle’ (Marcuse 1988/1968, 141). ‘The philosophical ideal of a better world and of true Being are incorporated into the practical aim of struggling mankind, where they take on a human form’ (Marcuse 1988/1968, 142).\n\n8\n\nCritical Theory of Communication","previous_page":7,"next_page":9}