{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","id":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","uuid":"dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title":"Critical Theory of Communication New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet","normalized_title":"criticaltheoryofcommunicationnewreadingsoflukácsadornomarcusehonnethandhabermasintheageoftheinternet","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9781911534044","isbns":["9781911534044","9781911534051","9781911534068","9781911534075"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":236,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/Critical%20Theory%20of%20Communication%20New%20Readings%20of%20Luk%C3%A1cs%2C%20Adorno%2C%20Marcuse%2C%20Honneth%20and%20Habermas%20in%20the%20Age%20of%20the%20Internet","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dadb939e-7360-4727-a1fb-be08c2f7a611/search"},"page":{"printed_page":83,"pdf_page":87,"physical_index":87,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"426ad687537dd94d153b8f90f2ea0f65ad87d22361af28ce8f7f6216b91ded8d"},"chapter":"C H R I S T I A N F U C H S CRITICAL THEORY OF COMMUNICATION","content":"3.3. Lukács and Adorno: The Theory of Art and Knowledge\n\nArt is a specific form of culture and objectified knowledge. In this section, I will compare Lukács’ and Adorno’s aesthetic theory and then generalise the results as foundations for dialectically theorising knowledge.\n\nAdorno (1960) argues that not just fascism, but also Stalinism is a system grounded in authoritarian personalities. ‘Authoritarian personalities identify themselves with real, existing power per se, prior to any particular contents (9). It would therefore be wrong to construe authoritarian structures ‘from the vantage point of a particular political-economic ideology’ (8). Lukács (1954/1980) in The Destruction of Reason however sees irrationality immanent only in fascism, capitalism and imperialism, and according to some (including Adorno 1958) disregards the reality that Stalinism was not an alternative, but irrational as well and not altogether diferent from the logic of capitalism: forms of irrationality were for example the cult of personality, the ideology of hard labour, and the violent destruction of all opposition to and criticism of Stalin with the help of the Gulag and show trials. Stalinism was based on the idea that socialism works in one country that can, by developing productivity, compete with and overtake capitalism, which resulted in a harsh puritanical work ethic enshrined in Article 18 of the 1936 Constitution of the USSR: ‘The Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic declares labour to be the duty of all citizens of the Republic, and proclaims the slogan: ‘He who does not work, neither shall he eat!’’4\n\n3.3.1. The Destruction of Reason\n\nAt the end of the Destruction of Reason, Lukács presents Marxism-Leninism and the peace movement as movements for the restoration of reason, but he is silent on the problems of Stalinism. Lukács in this book as an example of Nazi philosophy discusses Heidegger’s theory. He points out a passage, in which Heidegger says that those Germans who had read Hölderlin must have thought diferently than the Nazis. Lukács comments that such young men\n\nwere not only in a “situation confronting death” under Hitler, but took a highly active part in murder and torture, pillage and rape. Evidently he considers it superfluous to mention this, for after all the incognito covers everything up: who can tell what a pupil of Heidegger intoxicated by Hölderlin “thought and lived” when he was pushing women and children into the gas chambers at Auschwitz? Nobody can tell, either, what Heidegger himself “thought and lived” when he led the Freiburg students to vote for Hitler. (Lukács 1954/1980, 833)\n\nThis passage shows that Lukács’ criticism of fascist thought was quite powerful.\n\nTheodor W. Adorno and the Critical Theory of Knowledge\n\n83","previous_page":82,"next_page":84}