{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27","title":"时间、现代与后现代经验","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303133659","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27","id":"dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27","uuid":"dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27","title":"时间、现代与后现代经验","normalized_title":"时间现代与后现代经验","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303133659","isbns":["9787303133659","9192631770"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":137,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E3%80%81%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%8E%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dcc9103d-93ff-4da5-89f2-d15668886c27/search"},"page":{"printed_page":42,"pdf_page":50,"physical_index":50,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6913186b83785660d1c00a2adf08fa5975e2b55bbbbf65e78bbd4d1b583fed07"},"chapter":"第二章 从未来到扩展了的现在","content":"就人类而言，很难决定是否“封闭了的”过去所遵循的逻辑与总是不确定的未来和时常掺有“杂质”的现在完全不同，因为它可能会受到人类行为、信仰体系和观念的影响。②即便过去结束了，它也还是能够通过长期的历史进程来规定现在所发生事件的边际条件。另外，显然可以用一条流动的分割线把未来同现在分隔开来，未来允诺富有全部的可能性和偶然性，但只有有限的一些可能性能够变成现存的现实。分离的过程就是社会学所谓的“结构化”（structuring、structuration)。③这样一来，时间在现在就变成了“创造和毁灭的可能性，不确定和决定的源泉”（Elchardus)。它容纳了生成的过程，这个过程被从对过去的重构中去除掉了，而且在方法论上它也不同于对过去的重构。扩展了的现在强调结构化的必要性，还有结构化的可能性。它努力要通过唤回周期性来减小未来的不确定性，并寻求把周期性与线性结合起来。现在不再仅仅被解释为导向未来、迎接进步的直线路径中的一部分，而是被解释为循环运动的一部分。此外，年表定位变成了中性背景的年代测定，从而脱去了意识形态上的过多负荷（在意识形态束缚下的世界历史直到最近才遭到阻遏)，各种事件与这种年表定位相互重叠，从而可以解释为一个循环周期的组成部分。它们被看做是一个演替过程或一个序列的组成部分，这个过程或序列遵循“自己的时间”，具有自身的时钟，或者以现代用语来说就是其自身的程序或时间代码，上溯、重复和下推，或者是完成，都由这种程序或时间代码来决定。\n\n时间：现代与后现代经验\n\n① Siegfried Kracauer, “Ahasverus, or the Riddle of Time\", in: History, The Last Things Before The Last, New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.\n\n② Lars Clausen, “Prognose und Epignose\", Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, vol. 12, no.4 (1987), pp. 211-219; Gerhard Schmied, Soziale Zeit, Umfang, Geschwindigkeit und Evolution, Berlin: Duncker & Humiblot, 1985.\n\n③ Anthony Giddens, The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1984.\n\n42","previous_page":41,"next_page":43}