{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":145,"pdf_page":156,"physical_index":156,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"56952a3e8c1f6d57d11395bf574c2c729afc989849aaedcbf0a71a4697308d4a"},"chapter":"第五章语义丰富领域","content":"一个专家的长时记忆里究竟保持了多少知识呢?在心理学中知识数量的单位是组块。根据已有的研究我们知道，人获得一个组块并将它加以保持，不管内容上的差别，所需的时间大致是恒定的。我们也已知道记忆一个组块所需的时间，以及人的短时记忆的容量。我们可以通过回忆实验来研究专家具有什么知识，以及这些知识是如何组成组块的。我们用下棋的记忆组块的实验来说明这一类研究。在下棋时每方最多摆16个棋子，共32个棋子，但在一般情况下棋盘上的棋子大约是25个。我们把具有25个棋子的棋盘以5秒的时间呈现给被试。5秒钟的时间足够被试看清楚棋盘，但却不够对这些信息进行加工存入长时记忆。呈现后把棋盘移走，让被试重新摆出棋盘原来的样子。一组被试是具有专长的象棋大师，另一组是技术不太好的一般棋手。第一种实验方法是把象棋好手下到一半时的真实棋盘布局呈现给这两组被试。对于真实的棋盘布局，象棋大师能恢复25个棋子中的23个，而一般棋手则只能恢复6个左右。根据这个实验结果，有人认为要想成为象棋大师，必须具有很好的视觉记忆能力。但是心理学家的另一种实验方法证明了上述结论是错误的。\n\n第五章 语义丰富领域\n\n145","previous_page":144,"next_page":146}