{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":168,"pdf_page":179,"physical_index":179,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b4670493f77b68e686334a3e615883c9fb8306e88ab7dd56b54d8706529b93c0"},"chapter":"第五章语义丰富领域","content":"下面介绍谢巴德（R.N. Shepard）及库珀（L. A.Cooper）等人所做的实验。谢巴德认为头脑中的表征与它表征的外在事物是相似的，所以可以进行类比。他的实验是用英文字母做的，但我们可用汉字来加以说明。我写一个“丁”，请大家判断它是否是个倒转的“上”字。你必须在头脑里把它旋转一下，才能判断出来。同样，“一”是“上”字吗？“”是“上”字吗？实验证明，旋转角度与反应时间有关。如“丁”旋转了180°，“”旋转了90°，“丁”的判断反应时间就比“”要长。偏离正常位置的旋转角度越大，反应时间愈长（见图5-5）。这个关系不是绝对的，而是随着不同刺激而变化的，但总的趋势是这样的。谢巴德认为，我们脑子里的文字表象是正立的，如果输入信息是倾斜的或倒置的，那就必须先将其旋转成正立的，才能作出判断。这种表征叫作类比的（模拟的）表征。所谓模拟，就是说如同人可以把书写的文字旋转一定的角度一样，人也可以把脑子里的表象旋转一定的角度，就像模拟计算机和数字计算机之间的关系一样。\n\n认知\n\n168","previous_page":167,"next_page":169}