{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":236,"pdf_page":247,"physical_index":247,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"47547650f1a2a8af12ea33d5eac09440d6438ae923fc83ff137efa13577f006d"},"chapter":"第七章概念的形成","content":"被试选择A时，受强化的概率是70%；选择B时，受强化的概率是30%。实验进行20次以后，被试就知道回答A得到的强化机会多于B。统计学家根据概率计算，认为被试可能总是选择A，因为选A有加倍强化的机会，即有70%的强化机会。但是实验结果表明，人只是在多数情况下（72%～75%）选择A，少数情况下（25%\\~28%）选择B。我们把这种行为叫作事件匹配，即行为和事件出现的概率是匹配的。但是我们知道，这种事件匹配正确的概率不比选A的概率大。70%选择A中只有70%是正确的；30%选择B中只有30%是正确的。实际上事件匹配的正确率只是70%×70%=49%与30%×30%=9%的和，即58%。这就是说人的行为只有58%是正确的。\n\n在解释这种似乎很不精确的行为时，问被试是怎样想的，他们报告说，他们根据刚刚出现过的情况，按顺序模式预估下一步：如果前面三个是A，下一个还应该是A；如果前五个是A，那么下面就应该是B了；若前三个是ABA，下面就应该是B了，因为他们认为刺激是按ABAB的顺序出现的。虽然刺激的出现是随机的，但被试并不按随机情况考虑问题，而是按顺序模式进行反应。在现实世界里，真正随机的现象是很少的一般都有一定的规律。因此，人们按事件匹配的方式进行反应是有一定道理的。很多实验都证明，尽管有时事件的出现并没有规律，但人们总还是要去觉察顺序模式，搜寻规律。\n\n认知\n\n236","previous_page":235,"next_page":237}