{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":259,"pdf_page":270,"physical_index":270,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5066860b514b4b38ebe198c188616469060dec6a575fd8aad1322211390bcbde"},"chapter":"第八章发现过程","content":"守恒性\n\n用守恒性来解决问题，比较容易。就拿上述规律来说，不管杯子容量的大小，也不问温度的高低，从每一杯水中都可以概括出一个热量Q，混合后的总热量就等于两杯水的热量之和，即 $Q _ { 1 } + Q _ { 2 }$ 。同样，水量也是一种守恒，即 $m = m _ { 1 } + m _ { 2 }$ 每一个杯子的热量就是mT，这是热力学的一个基本理论。这样，根据守恒性我们就可得出 $m T = m _ { 1 } T _ { 1 } + m _ { 2 } T _ { 2 }$ 和 $m { = } m _ { 1 } +$ $m _ { 2 }$ ，由此我们也可以得出布莱克定律，两杯水混合后的温度$T { = } \\frac { m _ { 1 } T _ { 1 } { + } m _ { 2 } T _ { 2 } } { m _ { 1 } { + } m _ { 2 } }$\n\n由上述可见，当BACON程序不能从数据驱动中得到解决时，可以从理论指导上得到解决，也就是用理论驱动去发现新的规律。即使这些理论是一般的，不是强有力的，如对称性和守恒性，也可以借助它们去有效地发现规律。\n\n在这里，还要指出一点，那就是布莱克定律远比上述的情况复杂，布莱克提出该定律时还考虑了液体的性质。他把W分解成m（量）和s（质）。这里m和s都是物质的内在特性 $W _ { i } =$ $m _ { i } s _ { i }$ 。有了这些原则和假设，BACON程序也就能发现完整的布莱克定律：\n\n$$\nT _ { f } { = } \\frac { m _ { 1 } s _ { 1 } T _ { 1 } + m _ { 2 } s _ { 2 } T _ { 2 } } { m _ { 1 } s _ { 1 } + m _ { 2 } s _ { 2 } }\n$$\n\n第八章 发现过程\n\n259","previous_page":258,"next_page":260}