{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":260,"pdf_page":271,"physical_index":271,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5812b3228dbfb7e23e09a7cb915e0439e8dee3568c3b0c4d1cf7f0a9580683c8"},"chapter":"第八章发现过程","content":"认知\n\n由此可见，BACON程序能够从物体的内部性质发现和解决复杂的问题。\n\n整数比率\n\n在化学上，元素的原子量都是氢原子量的整数倍。例如，氧原子量为氢原子量的16倍。氮原子量为氢的14倍。这种简单的整数比在化学实验中是常见的。例如，两个单位体积的氢与一个单位体积的氧发生反应就生成两个单位体积的水蒸气。这个反应的体积的整数比就是2:1:2。其他气体的化合实验也常有类似的整数比。BACON程序就能寻找这种简单的整数比，作出许多化学上重要的发现和再发现。在发现的过程中可以根据多方面的信息，例如根据体积可以得到一个整数比。像$\\mathrm { N } _ { 2 } + 3 \\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } = 2 \\mathrm { N H } _ { 3 }$ 反应，其体积比就是1：3:2。\n\n原子理论\n\n由化学常识可知，化学反应不但要考虑原子水平的问题，而且我们要解决怎样把原子结合在一起的问题。这就需要有科学理论的指导。对上述问题我们也可以根据原子理论由表及里地去寻找反应的内在关系和真正的反应原理。例如我们可以不管其量的大小，而把合成前和合成后的东西都变成“小包”输入到BACON程序里，让它来表征或想象出两个小包和另一个小包相互作用的过程。19世纪有个化学家曾提出一个问题，即：如果真是两体积的氢和一体积的氧生成两体积的水蒸气，那么一体积的氧怎样分到两体积的水蒸气中呢?即十=②，过了35年，这个问题才得到很好的解答，那就是：\n\n260","previous_page":259,"next_page":261}