{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":27,"pdf_page":38,"physical_index":38,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"86a38f6e55006584d8a9c172dc02f009ba033c4ec808e518641406af2628a65d"},"chapter":"第二章人类认知系统的结构","content":"再举一个比围棋更为简单的“数字排列游戏”的例子。画一个大方块，里面分成几个小方格，除一个空格外，每一格里都有一个数字（见图2-1）。被试可以把任一方块里的数字移到空格里去，使之重新安排，最后达到某种指定的排列。在完成这样一个简单的任务时，在每一步上能够用以解决问题的方法也是大量的。人在解决问题时，不可能把各种可能性同时都考虑到，一般只采取一些启发式的规则来指导行动。在解决这一问题时，一种简单的办法就是先设法把1移到左上角，这样就得把左上角的数字先移到空格里去，才能把1移到左上角；然后把2移到第一行的中间去，这又得把这个格里的数字先移到空格里去；再使用同样的方法依次把3移到右上角，把4移到第二行左边的格子里……直至达到最后的目标状态。在解决这一问题的过程中，人在头脑里并没有考虑到各种可能性，而仅是运用了生活中行之有效的搜索法而已。\n\n2. 人在解决问题时，一般并不去寻求最优的(optional)方法，而只要求找到一个满意的（satisfying）方法。\n\n为什么只要求找到满意的而不一定是最优的解决方法呢？\n\n第二章 人类认知系统的结构\n\n27","previous_page":26,"next_page":28}