{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":29,"pdf_page":40,"physical_index":40,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"435385c4cfc3597642837edf3109bfcdb26d15dcad97c2878a06542cba8ea7ed"},"chapter":"第二章人类认知系统的结构","content":"3. 人在解决问题时，具有可变的志向水平（aspiration level)。\n\n人的一个特点是可以调节满足需要的程度。人根据不同的情况，调节自己满足需要的幅度可以是很大的。他在非常困难的情况下，可把满足需要局限于基本的生存方面，如饱食、温暖；当情形不太困难时，人不仅想到要满足基本需要，还要更舒适一点；当舒适的需要满足了，又会有文娱、艺术等更高的需要。因此，在困难条件下认为是好的东西，在不太困难的条件下就认为是不够好的了。心理学家把这种满足需要的不同水平叫作志向水平。随着成功的程度不同，志向水平也会提高或降低：在困难条件下志向水平降低；在成功条件下志向水平提高。例如前面的数字排列游戏问题，第一次能把问题解决了就感到满意；但在第二次仍使用前一种方法就不一定满足了，而是希望能有更快、更好的解决方法。人的志向水平，即满足需要的程度，可以随外界条件的变化而自我调节。这一特点适用于每一个人的生活，也适用于人的社会活动。社会越发展，人的要求也就越高。当然，这并不是说每个人的需要都能得到满足。\n\n除了人类认知活动的上述三种机能之外，所设计的认知系统还必须具备注意、记忆、运动等信息加工的结构。\n\n第二章 人类认知系统的结构\n\n29","previous_page":28,"next_page":30}