{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":35,"pdf_page":46,"physical_index":46,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7a1923b6963a1fe22f292179a298dafa16181194ca4c2e5e08914ae04949045d"},"chapter":"第二章人类认知系统的结构","content":"2. 延缓回忆实验。\n\n彼得森和彼得森（L.R. Peterson and M.J. Peterson） 设计了延缓回忆实验，在呈现刺激后的很短一段时间内，给被试另外一个记忆任务，例如在呈现一系列字母后的30秒内，让被试从一个数每次减3倒着背数，那么，短时记忆内的一部分内容就消失了。一般情况下，当呈现刺激与回忆之间有干扰时，人只能回忆一两个组块。\n\n3. 斯波灵（G. Sperling）的实验。\n\n斯波灵的实验证明，在输入到短时记忆之间还有一个缓冲记忆阶段。实验用视觉显示方法，给被试呈现3行字母，每行4个，共12个字母。它们之间没有意义联系。根据即时回忆实验，一般人只能记住四五个字母。斯波灵实验呈现全部12个字母50毫秒，50毫秒结束时，出现高、中、低三个声音中的一个。要求被试听到高音时回忆第一行字母；听到中音时回忆第二行字母；听到低音时回忆第三行字母。实验发现，如果从视觉呈现停止到出现声音之间有25\\~50毫秒的间隔，无论给哪种声音刺激，被试都能正确回忆出要求他回忆的字母。若视觉呈现后100毫秒才出现声音，被试就不能按要求作出正确的回忆。这说明在视觉刺激呈现后，至少在20\\~50毫秒的时间内，所有看到的12个字母都在记忆中保存着。听觉实验也有类似结果。对口头说出的声音刺激，在短时间(2\\~3秒)内，被试能够记住很多内容。因此，我们认为在输入(呈现刺激）和短时记住之间还有一个小的记忆，它的范围比短时记忆更广。这个记忆阶段叫作缓冲记忆。\n\n第二章 人类认知系统的结构\n\n35","previous_page":34,"next_page":36}