{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":46,"pdf_page":57,"physical_index":57,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"63f6783d73713c724c182e946055007ee1be15f2e2e6865ca5cc6bb842e24acf"},"chapter":"第二章人类认知系统的结构","content":"这个被试使用了另外一种认知加工策略，他的计算速度就快得多。乘法这个例子说明被试使用的策略不同，加工方式不同，其效果也不同。\n\n5. 系列位置效应。\n\n多年前人们就注意到这样一个事实，即如果让被试学习12个无意义音节，最先学会的是第一个和最后一个音节。中间的音节学得慢，而且错误多。在回忆效果上是两端好，中间差。如把这一结果绘制成图，就是“U”形曲线（见图2-4曲线a)。\n\n如果刺激是一系列的字母，如C-F-M-B-X。首尾的字母C、X似乎起着关键的作用，其他字母都向这两个字母联系。M向下联系，F向C联系，C是首端。我们发现，计算机的学习结果与人在实验室里学习的结果一样。我们认为这种现象是由于注意分配造成的，是被试在学习时把一个字母与首尾两端的字母联系的结果。我们可以改变策略，以防止出现这种现象。文献上有两个实验可以借鉴。\n\n实验1：把中间的字母印成红色，将所有其他的字母都印成黑色。原来两头的字母是关键点，现在中间的红字便成为关键点了。结果就使原来的倒“U”形曲线变成中间低的双峰曲线了(见图2-4曲线b)。这种现象叫作莱斯托夫（Von Restorff)效应。\n\n实验2:事先让某些被试把注意集中在刺激的前面部分；\n\n认知\n\n46","previous_page":45,"next_page":47}