{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":52,"pdf_page":63,"physical_index":63,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0aea8d60391345dc24870bb3e74fc437381aab9c93f63c6b9528d50108c4eb5e"},"chapter":"第二章人类认知系统的结构","content":"认知\n\n理论都有一部分正确性。要想恢复已有的记忆，就得有新的线索和利用更多的通路。\n\n信息的多余性使信息得以长时间保留在记忆里。信息的多余性可用下面的例子加以说明。有四行随机的数字：\n\n$$\n\\begin{array} { c c c c c c } { { 7 } } & { { 1 } } & { { 6 } } & { { 8 } } & { { 7 } } & { { 3 } } \\\\ { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } \\\\ { { 4 } } & { { 5 } } & { { 9 } } & { { 2 } } & { { 3 } } & { { 5 } } \\\\ { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } \\\\ { { 1 } } & { { 8 } } & { { 7 } } & { { 1 } } & { { 2 } } & { { 2 } } \\\\ { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } \\\\ { { 8 } } & { { 1 } } & { { 1 } } & { { 5 } } & { { 4 } } & { { 2 } } \\end{array}\n$$\n\n一个人用几分钟就可以把这些数字记下来。以后如果能经常复习，那么一年两年也能记得住；如果不加复习也就记不住了。现在再写两行数字，这两行数字不是随机数字，而是根据上面第四行的811542写出来的：\n\n$$\n\\begin{array} { c c c c c c c } { { 0 } } & { { 3 } } & { { 3 } } & { { 7 } } & { { 6 } } & { { 4 } } \\\\ { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } & { { } } \\\\ { { 5 } } & { { 8 } } & { { 8 } } & { { 2 } } & { { 1 } } & { { 9 } } \\end{array}\n$$\n\n第一行中的每个数字比上面第四行的相应数字大2；第二行又比第一行大5。假若最初的三行数字中的一部分被擦掉，就无法知道被擦掉的是什么了。这是因为那些数字是随机数字。而新给的两行数字若有一部分被擦掉，则可以根据数字间的关系把擦掉的数字恢复出来。这个例子说明，我们不要孤立地去记东西，而要找出事物之间的关系，这样就容易记住。这就是记忆的多余性。格式塔心理学早已证明学习中掌握关系的重要性，意义识记要比机械识记效果好得多。目前长时记忆的实验一般是10分钟、半小时，最多是几星期。做更长时间的记忆实验是比较困难的，因为几个月、几年的长时记忆实验，其条件不易控制，也不易找回原来的被试。\n\n52","previous_page":51,"next_page":53}