{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","id":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","uuid":"dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title":"认知 人行为背后的思维与智能","normalized_title":"认知人行为背后的思维与智能","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787300273921","isbns":["9787300273921"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":290,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%20%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E8%83%8C%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E7%BB%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dde4e586-1def-4457-8ec5-0287b0b0511d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":62,"pdf_page":73,"physical_index":73,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"73f99f38f8ceb0fa5bd1b6a49bff2fa1dcd68b21422331c14c1ebe816576fde5"},"chapter":"第三章问题解决","content":"关于人脑如何以产生式进行活动，还有和EPAM理论相近似的其他一些理论，如安德森（J.Anderson）的“扩散激活理论”。安德森认为，在长时记忆里并没有独立的短时记忆的小盒子，而只有一个小的活动着的部分。例如，在做代数时，在长时记忆里过去的有关部分被激活了。被激活的这一小部分就相当于我们所说的短时记忆。在长时记忆中，一部分活动可以减弱，另一部分活动可以加强。长时记忆中被激活的部分会不断地扩散、变化，这就相当于从长时记忆中提取短时记忆。长时记忆和短时记忆这两种存储模型，以及安德森的“扩散激活”模型，对于解释一些记忆现象都是适合的。\n\n联想\n\n以往，人们都以为记忆是联想，例如，“北京”是一个组块，由它而联想到“长城”，再联想到“北大”。这种联想是双向的，由“北京”联想到“北大”；由“北大”也可以想到“北京”。但是新近的一些研究认为，学习的基本联想是单向的，例如对偶联系就是单向的，提出刺激词可以想到反应词；而提到反应词就很难想到刺激词。我们在学习外语时常有这种体会，看到“TheGreatWall”知道是“长城”，但问到“长城”的英文单词是什么，就不一定说得出来。因此，我们在学习外语时最好是两面学，要建立双向的联想。\n\n认知\n\n62","previous_page":61,"next_page":63}