{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7","title":"差异与重复","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787567591363","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7","id":"de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7","uuid":"de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7","title":"差异与重复","normalized_title":"差异与重复","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787567591363","isbns":["9787567591363"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":538,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%B7%AE%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%8E%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/de9b4263-c277-4979-9f00-91fe8d8660f7/search"},"page":{"printed_page":352,"pdf_page":371,"physical_index":371,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"58490eb6c43c5bd46d3014ddace7ab41d0a63a022fb7d816e6afbe9bda54da7d"},"chapter":"第四章 差异的理念综合","content":"一个社会的种种问题在“抽象”劳动形式下的亚结构中被规定，它们通过现实化过程或分化过程(具体劳动的分工)得到解决。但是，问题的影子在那些形成了解决的被分化实例的整体上持存着，与此同时，种种被分化的解决实例造出了一个问题本身的伪造形象。人们并不能说伪造是后来的；它伴随着现实化，它使现实化二重化。问题始终在自身被解决的同时被映射在了假问题之中。因此，从一般的层面上说，解决被一种分割不开的虚假性(fausseté)败坏了。例如，在马克思看来，拜物教就是一种从社会意识中产生的“荒谬性”或“幻相”。但它并不能被理解成一种从意识中诞生的主观幻相，而是一种客观幻相，一种先验幻相，这种幻相的来源是处在现实化过程中的各种社会意识条件。\n\n352\n\n差异与重复\n\n① Louis Althusser、Jacques Rancière、Pierre Macherey、Etienne Balibar、Roger Establet,《读<资本论)》(Lirele Capital)(关于对立概念、矛盾概念和异化概念的本性与作用，参Rancière，卷I，页141 以下，Macherey，卷 I，页 233以下，Balibar，卷Ⅱ，页298以下)。——关于作为历史范畴的“问题—分化”图式，人们可以参考汤因比(ArnoldToynbee)的观点(他的确少有马克思主义之嫌)：“我们可以说一个社会在它生存的过程中不断地遇到各种问题，每一个成员必须采取最好的办法自己加以解决。每一个问题的出现都是一次须要经受考验的挑战，在这样一系列的考验中，社会里的各个成员就不断地在前进中彼此产生了分化”(《历史：一篇阐释论文》[L'Histoire，un essaid’interprétation，trad. Julia，N.R.F.]，页10[【译按】中译参汤因比，《历史研究(上)》，曹未风等译，上海：上海人民出版社，1986,页4])。","previous_page":351,"next_page":353}