{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":109,"pdf_page":129,"physical_index":129,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9ad4e1e273c4f3237aa9f5cc0af270e38bbc053ebba4974641f5da6a050c2677"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"阿多诺的这一直觉。\n\n在这一点上，哈贝马斯和我从对立的方向上对之加以发展。在哈贝马斯那里，真正的批判理论越来越遗忘了它的本源，康德和约翰·罗尔斯占据了中心。这样，这一理论就越来越是规范性的，而越来越缺少社会学，而我则开始从事一种坚定的黑格尔式的批判理论，这意味着：不仅要刻画规范性，而且还要彻底地由社会理论来加以刻画。\n\n三\n\n罗宾：批判社会学和承认理论之间的共同之处以及最重要的区别是什么？\n\n吕克：可以拿《关于正当性辩护》中制度的理念或辩护的秩序与承认的不同层次之间的区别来做比较。不过对我们来讲首先感兴趣的是秩序和等级以及对其辩护的问题。在面对多种多样的关于承认的诉求时，我们就会提出人们应该如何获得承认这一问题。人们可以被承认为重要的或不重要的、崇高的或渺小的。如果被看作是渺小的人，他会在社会中有一个他不满意的位置。因此这里涉及的就不只是在某个确定的世界中承认的问题，而是关于身份、等级、秩序的问题，人们凭借它们在这个世界获得定位。而且承认也不是冲突的终结，而是导向新的不确定性，导向争论和争吵。如果人们严肃对待行动者的诉求和论证，在争论中就会出现不确定性。这里争论的是这样的一个问题，是否被解雇的雇员实际上疯了或者将要被雇佣的工人是否真有能力。我们并不知道，所以就需要一种社会的制度性的检查：它应该为行动者降低不确定性并且在最佳的状况中结束争端。\n\n批判社会学还是批判理论\n\n109","previous_page":108,"next_page":110}