{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":124,"pdf_page":144,"physical_index":144,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f5003a935e71700b2f1f4b6106fef75c55b02a810d9ca2a1aa68a08bba6cf0c9"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"五\n\n霍耐特：我很想更好地理解批判社会学的这一新定向。批判社会学更早的规划的基础就在于怀疑从理论视角对社会批判进行形式化这一可能性，这一批判考虑的是行动者的批判性实践。由此可知，社会学必须首先是描述性的，而不是批判性的。这种自我限定导致了某种失望，因为这里并没有彻底的社会学概念的空间。作为对此的回应，应该有一种新的元批判的概念。不过这里似乎有两个理论选项，它们从根本上是有区别的。第一个选项是行动者使用其批判能力的机会的分配是不平等的并且受社会的限制。根据这种理解，元批判具有分析这种限制的任务。这就使得批判社会学(die Soziologeder Kritik)转变为批判的社会学(kritisch Soziologe)，它从元批判的角度分析社会现实尤其是制度，分析它们是对行动者能力的限制还是促进。在这种情况下它与批判理论的相通之处是很明显的。第二个选项并不十分关注决定个别行动者的限制，而是更加深人地关切社会本体论的条件。在危机这种情况下，批判给出了两种元实用主义的应对的可能性：要么超越实际的社会交往采取一种外部视角(正是哈贝马斯称作商谈的东西：中断正常的实践活动并采取一种反思性的态度)，要么授权给一个建制性权威并依靠它所提供的对现实的定义(在哈贝马斯那里这属于被给予的生活世界)。建制总是能够提供关于实践问题的解决，就它能够提供关于现实的定义、描述和资质方面的指令而言。从这一点来看，批判社会学的任务就是去检验，是否这种建制足够灵活，是否它是完整和坚固的。这一元批判的视角关注社会生活的流动和发展，从而转向严格限定的制度性标准。其标准在于，某种制度是对世界的容纳还是对它的排斥？\n\n124\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":123,"next_page":125}