{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":139,"pdf_page":159,"physical_index":159,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c30eb39d42f18ef1b90365879532650d84d23d35f7442d00bda4b1e5080386ff"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"人们遭遇的动因表明了社会批判理论的另一个特征。一般来说社会批判理论是消极的：它们并不描绘乌托邦，而是关注影响人们生活成功的社会因素。然而，将这种消极的路向与通常意义上的乌托邦理论在范畴上加以分离，这似乎是某种错误的假定。因为即使在其最消极的版本，如阿多诺的版本中，社会批判理论也仍然具有某种乌托邦的成分。它们总是引发某种善好社会的想法(Vorstellung)①。这种善好社会指的是某种可替代性的更好的社会，在这种社会中阻碍人们生活成功的相关因素不再存在。在大多数社会批判理论中都潜藏着这种乌托邦的想法，而且这种想法必须通过对所批判社会形式的缺陷的分析而加以生动的描绘。对少数社会批判理论来讲，这种乌托邦的想法是如此抽象，以致很难形象地去想象它所对应的社会形式(阿多诺就是这种情况)。尽管如此，如果没有或多或少对任何确定的善好社会的想法，社会批判理论就是不可想象的。它们关于社会缺陷的分析就可能会失去其伦理的意涵；由此它们也就不可能出于规范性的理由激发所面向的受众，通过改变社会的实践活动(gesellschaftsveränderndePraxis)\n\n① 文中出现的 Vorstellung 和 Repräsentation 两词都可译为“表象”“表征”，本文将前者译为较为宽泛的“想法”而将后者译为“表象”以作区分。\n\n朝向社会批判的理性化\n\n139","previous_page":138,"next_page":140}